Arieh Warshel (Hebrew: אריה ורשל; born November 20, 1940) is an Israeli-American biochemist and biophysicist. He is a pioneer in computational studies on functional properties of biological molecules, Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and holds the Dana and David Dornsife Chair in Chemistry at the University of Southern California. He received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, together with Michael Levitt and Martin Karplus for "the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems".[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Biography
Warshel was born to a Jewish family in 1940 in kibbutz Sde Nahum, Mandatory Palestine. Warshel served in the Israeli Armored Corps. After serving the Israeli Army (final rank Captain), Warshel attended the Technion, Haifa, where he received his BSc degree in chemistry, summa cum laude, in 1966. Subsequently, he earned both MSc and PhD degrees in Chemical Physics (in 1967 and 1969, respectively), with Shneior Lifson at Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel.[7][8] After his PhD, he did postdoctoral work at Harvard University until 1972, and from 1972 to 1976 he returned to the Weizmann Institute and worked for the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England. After being denied tenure by Weizmann Institute in 1976,[9] he joined the faculty of the department of chemistry at USC. He was awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
As a soldier, he fought in both the 1967 Six-Day War and the 1973 Yom Kippur War, attaining the rank of captain in the IDF.[10]
As part of Shenzhen's 13th Five-Year Plan funding research in emerging technologies and opening "Nobel laureate research labs",[11] in April 2017 he opened the Warshel Institute for Computational Biology at the CUHK Shenzhen campus.[12]
Honors
Warshel is known for his work on computational biochemistry and biophysics, in particular for pioneering computer simulations of the functions of biological systems, and for developing what is known today as Computational Enzymology.[13] He is a member of many scientific organisations, most importantly:
Elected member of the United States National Academy of Sciences (2009)[14]
Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (2008)[15]
Fellow of the Biophysical Society (2000)[16]
Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2012)[17]
Honorary fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (2014)[18]
Honorary doctorate at Bar-Ilan University (2014)[19]
Honorary doctorate of the Faculty of Science and Technology at Uppsala University (2015)[20]
Awards
Annual Award of the International Society of Quantum Biology and Pharmacology (1993)[21]
Tolman Medal (2003)[22]
President's award for computational biology from the ISQBP (2006)[23]
RSC Soft Matter and Biophysical Chemistry Award (2012)[13]
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2013) together with Martin Karplus and Michael Levitt for "the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems".[24]
Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (2014)[25]
The Founders Award of the Biophysical Society (2014)[26]
The 2013 Israel Chemical Society Gold Medal (2014)[27]
Major research achievements
Arieh Warshel made major contributions in introducing computational methods for structure–function correlation of biological molecules, pioneering and co-pioneering programs, methods and key concepts for detailed computational studies of functional properties of biological molecules using Cartesian-based force field programs,[28][29] the combined Quantum Chemistry/Molecular mechanics (i.e., QM/MM) method for simulating enzymatic reactions,[30] the first molecular dynamics simulation of a biological process,[31][32] microscopic electrostatic models for proteins,[33] free energy perturbation in proteins[34] and other key advances. It was for the development of these methods that Warshel shared the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Books
Arieh Warshel. From Kibbutz Fishponds to The Nobel Prize: Taking Molecular Functions into Cyberspace, World Scientific Publishing, 2021.
See also
List of Israeli Nobel laureates
List of Jewish Nobel laureates
Coarse-grained modeling
Empirical valence bond
References
"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013" (Press release). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. October 9, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
Van Noorden, Richard (2013). "Modellers react to chemistry award: Nobel Prize proves that theorists can measure up to experimenters". Nature. 502 (7471): 280. Bibcode:2013Natur.502..280V. doi:10.1038/502280a. PMID 24132265.
Van Noorden, R. (2013). "Computer modellers secure chemistry Nobels". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2013.13903. S2CID 211729791.
Hodak, Hélène (2014). "The Nobel Prize in chemistry 2013 for the development of multiscale models of complex chemical systems: A tribute to Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel". Journal of Molecular Biology. 426 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2013.10.037. PMID 24184197.
Fersht, A. R. (2013). "Profile of Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, and Arieh Warshel, 2013 nobel laureates in chemistry". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (49): 19656–7. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11019656F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1320569110. PMC 3856823. PMID 24277833.
Chang, Kenneth (October 9, 2013). "3 Researchers Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry". The New York Times. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
Levitt, Michael (May 1, 2001). "The birth of computational structural biology". Nature Structural Biology. 8 (5): 392–393. doi:10.1038/87545. PMID 11323711. S2CID 6519868.
"A Nobel victory". USC News. November 21, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2022.
Nobel laureate: We left because Warshel didn't get tenure in Israel by Yitzhak Benhorin, October 9, 2013, YNET
3 Jewish professors — two of them Israeli — share 2013 Nobel Prize in chemistry By Gavriel Fiske, October 9, 2013, Times of Israel
"Shenzhen Has 7 Nobel Prize Winners' Labs, 3 More Planned". That's Online. Retrieved March 15, 2021.
"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology Established in CUHK (SZ)". warshel.cuhk.edu.cn. Retrieved March 15, 2021.
"Soft Matter and Biophysical Chemistry Award 2012 Winner". Rsc.org. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
"Arieh Warshel Elected to the National Academy of Sciences > News > USC Dornsife". Dornsife.usc.edu. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
"Arieh Warshel Elected to Royal Society of Chemistry > News > USC Dornsife". Dornsife.usc.edu. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
"Fellow of the Biophysical Society Award". Biophysics.org. Archived from the original on October 6, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
"AAAS Members Elected as Fellows". AAAS.org. November 30, 2012. Retrieved August 8, 2014.
"Members". rsc.org. Retrieved August 8, 2014.
"Honorary Doctorate Recipients, Bar-Ilan University". www.biu.ac.il. Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
"Three new honorary doctors in Science and Technology – Uppsala University, Sweden". www.uu.se. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
"ISQBP People". Isqbp.umaryland.edu. Archived from the original on October 16, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
"Tolman Award". Scalacs. September 5, 1948. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 16, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
"2014 Society Awardees". biophysics.org.
"Gold Medal for Levitt and Warshel". ChemViews. January 27, 2014.
Lifson S, Warshel A. (1968). "A Consistent Force Field for Calculation on Conformations, Vibrational Spectra and Enthalpies of Cycloalkanes and n-Alkane Molecules". J. Phys. Chem. 49 (11): 5116. doi:10.1063/1.1670007. S2CID 43907015.
Warshel A, Lifson S. (1970). "Consistent Force Field Calculations. II. Crystal Structure, Sublimation Energies, Molecular and Lattice Vibrations, Molecular Conformations and Enthalpies of Alkanes". J. Chem. Phys. 53 (2): 582. Bibcode:1970JChPh..53..582W. doi:10.1063/1.1674031.
Warshel A, Levitt M (1976). "Theoretical Studies of Enzymatic Reactions: Dielectric Electrostatic and Steric Stabilization of the Carbonium Ion in the Reaction of Lysozyme". J. Mol. Biol. 103 (2): 227–249. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(76)90311-9. PMID 985660.
Warshel A. (1976). "Bicycle-pedal Model for the First Step in the Vision Process". Nature. 260 (5553): 679–683. Bibcode:1976Natur.260..679W. doi:10.1038/260679a0. PMID 1264239. S2CID 4161081.
Warshel A. (2002). "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Biological Reactions". Acc. Chem. Res. 35 (6): 385–395. doi:10.1021/ar010033z. PMID 12069623.
Warshel A., Russel T. (1984). "Calculations of electrostatic interactions in biological systems and in solutions". Q. Rev. Biophys. 17 (3): 283–421. doi:10.1017/s0033583500005333. PMID 6098916. S2CID 42166505.
Warshel A (1984). "Simulating the Energetics and Dynamics of Enzymatic Reactions". Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarum Scripta Varia. 55: 60.
External links
Faculty profile, USC Dornsife
Warshel research group at the University of Southern California
Wikidata: Q4790366 (Scholia)
Arieh Warshel on Nobelprize.org Edit this at Wikidata
Awards
Preceded by
Brian Kobilka
Robert Lefkowitz
Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate
2013
With: Martin Karplus
Michael Levitt Most recent
vte
Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1901–1925
1901: Jacobus van 't Hoff 1902: Emil Fischer 1903: Svante Arrhenius 1904: William Ramsay 1905: Adolf von Baeyer 1906: Henri Moissan 1907: Eduard Buchner 1908: Ernest Rutherford 1909: Wilhelm Ostwald 1910: Otto Wallach 1911: Marie Curie 1912: Victor Grignard / Paul Sabatier 1913: Alfred Werner 1914: Theodore Richards 1915: Richard Willstätter 1916 1917 1918: Fritz Haber 1919 1920: Walther Nernst 1921: Frederick Soddy 1922: Francis Aston 1923: Fritz Pregl 1924 1925: Richard Zsigmondy
1926–1950
1926: Theodor Svedberg 1927: Heinrich Wieland 1928: Adolf Windaus 1929: Arthur Harden / Hans von Euler-Chelpin 1930: Hans Fischer 1931: Carl Bosch / Friedrich Bergius 1932: Irving Langmuir 1933 1934: Harold Urey 1935: Frédéric Joliot-Curie / Irène Joliot-Curie 1936: Peter Debye 1937: Norman Haworth / Paul Karrer 1938: Richard Kuhn 1939: Adolf Butenandt / Leopold Ružička 1940 1941 1942 1943: George de Hevesy 1944: Otto Hahn 1945: Artturi Virtanen 1946: James B. Sumner / John Northrop / Wendell Meredith Stanley 1947: Robert Robinson 1948: Arne Tiselius 1949: William Giauque 1950: Otto Diels / Kurt Alder
1951–1975
1951: Edwin McMillan / Glenn T. Seaborg 1952: Archer Martin / Richard Synge 1953: Hermann Staudinger 1954: Linus Pauling 1955: Vincent du Vigneaud 1956: Cyril Hinshelwood / Nikolay Semyonov 1957: Alexander Todd 1958: Frederick Sanger 1959: Jaroslav Heyrovský 1960: Willard Libby 1961: Melvin Calvin 1962: Max Perutz / John Kendrew 1963: Karl Ziegler / Giulio Natta 1964: Dorothy Hodgkin 1965: Robert Woodward 1966: Robert S. Mulliken 1967: Manfred Eigen / Ronald Norrish / George Porter 1968: Lars Onsager 1969: Derek Barton / Odd Hassel 1970: Luis Federico Leloir 1971: Gerhard Herzberg 1972: Christian B. Anfinsen / Stanford Moore / William Stein 1973: Ernst Otto Fischer / Geoffrey Wilkinson 1974: Paul Flory 1975: John Cornforth / Vladimir Prelog
1976–2000
1976: William Lipscomb 1977: Ilya Prigogine 1978: Peter D. Mitchell 1979: Herbert C. Brown / Georg Wittig 1980: Paul Berg / Walter Gilbert / Frederick Sanger 1981: Kenichi Fukui / Roald Hoffmann 1982: Aaron Klug 1983: Henry Taube 1984: Robert Merrifield 1985: Herbert A. Hauptman / Jerome Karle 1986: Dudley R. Herschbach / Yuan T. Lee / John Polanyi 1987: Donald J. Cram / Jean-Marie Lehn / Charles J. Pedersen 1988: Johann Deisenhofer / Robert Huber / Hartmut Michel 1989: Sidney Altman / Thomas Cech 1990: Elias Corey 1991: Richard R. Ernst 1992: Rudolph A. Marcus 1993: Kary Mullis / Michael Smith 1994: George Olah 1995: Paul J. Crutzen / Mario Molina / F. Sherwood Rowland 1996: Robert Curl / Harold Kroto / Richard Smalley 1997: Paul D. Boyer / John E. Walker / Jens Christian Skou 1998: Walter Kohn / John Pople 1999: Ahmed Zewail 2000: Alan J. Heeger / Alan MacDiarmid / Hideki Shirakawa
2001–present
2001: William Knowles / Ryoji Noyori / K. Barry Sharpless 2002: John B. Fenn / Koichi Tanaka / Kurt Wüthrich 2003: Peter Agre / Roderick MacKinnon 2004: Aaron Ciechanover / Avram Hershko / Irwin Rose 2005: Robert H. Grubbs / Richard R. Schrock / Yves Chauvin 2006: Roger D. Kornberg 2007: Gerhard Ertl 2008: Osamu Shimomura / Martin Chalfie / Roger Y. Tsien 2009: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan / Thomas A. Steitz / Ada E. Yonath 2010: Richard F. Heck / Akira Suzuki / Ei-ichi Negishi 2011: Dan Shechtman 2012: Robert Lefkowitz / Brian Kobilka 2013: Martin Karplus / Michael Levitt / Arieh Warshel 2014: Eric Betzig / Stefan Hell / William E. Moerner 2015: Tomas Lindahl / Paul L. Modrich / Aziz Sancar 2016: Jean-Pierre Sauvage / Fraser Stoddart / Ben Feringa 2017: Jacques Dubochet / Joachim Frank / Richard Henderson 2018: Frances Arnold / Gregory Winter / George Smith 2019: John B. Goodenough / M. Stanley Whittingham / Akira Yoshino 2020: Emmanuelle Charpentier / Jennifer Doudna 2021: David MacMillan / Benjamin List 2022: Carolyn R. Bertozzi / Morten P. Meldal / Karl Barry Sharpless 2023: Moungi G. Bawendi / Louis E. Brus / Alexei I. Ekimov
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