In mathematics, Spijker's lemma is a result in the theory of rational mappings of the Riemann sphere. It states that the image of a circle under a complex rational map with numerator and denominator having degree at most n has length at most 2nπ.
See also
Buffon's needle
External links
Weisstein, Eric W. "Spijker's Lemma". MathWorld.
References
Wegert, Elias; Trefethen, Lloyd N. (February 1994). "From the Buffon Needle Problem to the Kreiss Matrix Theorem" (PDF). The American Mathematical Monthly. 101 (2): 132–139. doi:10.2307/2324361. hdl:1813/7113. JSTOR 2324361.
Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics
Graduate Studies in Mathematics
Hellenica World - Scientific Library
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