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The notion of pushforward in mathematics is "dual" to the notion of pullback, and can mean a number of different but closely related things.

Pushforward (differential), the differential of a smooth map between manifolds, and the "pushforward" operations it defines
Pushforward (homology), the map induced in homology by a continuous map between topological spaces
Pushforward measure, measure induced on the target measure space by a measurable function
Pushout (category theory), the categorical dual of pullback
Direct image sheaf, the pushforward of a sheaf by a map
Fiberwise integral, the direct image of a differential form or cohomology by a smooth map, defined by "integration on the fibres"
Transfer operator, the pushforward on the space of measurable functions; its adjoint, the pull-back, is the composition or Koopman operator

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