Administrative Region : Peloponnese
Regional unit : Messinia
Myrsinochori (Μυρσινοχώρι) Messinia
Myrsinochori,[4] officially referred to as Myrsinochorion and formerly as Pispisia, is a semi-mountainous settlement, near Chora and administratively under the Municipality of Pylos - Nestor, in the Prefecture of Messinia.
Location
Myrsinochori is located approximately 7 kilometers southeast of Chora. It has an altitude of 258[1] meters and is approximately 8.5 kilometers from the coast of the Ionian Sea. Near Myrsinochori are Metamorfosi to the north at a distance of 6 kilometers, Pappoulia to the southeast at a distance of approximately 5.5 kilometers and Platanos to the south, at a distance of approximately 3 kilometers respectively.
History
The village has a long history that follows the history of Messinia and the wider region of Pylia. The area of the settlement, in antiquity, was part of the kingdom of Nestor, ancient Pylos.
Antiquity
In the area of the village, in the Archaeological site of Myrsinochori, at the location of Routsi or Routsi, two tombs have been found, with cist tombs, dating back to the Middle Helladic period. It seems that in the location where they were located, a powerful settlement had developed, already in the 17th century BC, the decline of which is placed much later, around the 13th century BC, when control began to be exercised by the new powerful administrative center of the area, namely the Palace of Nestor. Two vaulted tombs from the Mycenaean period were also excavated in the area, with important archaeological finds.[5][6]
2nd Venetian period
Main article: Territory of Navarino
During the 2nd Venetian period, it was referred to as Pispisa or Pispirsa or Pirpissa or Pirpitsa (Pispirsa[7] or Pirpissa[8]). The settlement is also mentioned in various censuses of the Venetian Pronoites of the Serene Republic of Venice, which were made during the thirty-year period (1683/84-1715), during which the Venetians occupied the Peloponnese, through their possession (Stato da Mar), which is also known as the Kingdom of the Morea (1688-1715). The village of Pispirsa belonged, in 1689, to the province of Navarino (Territorio di Navarin), which was one of the 4 provinces into which the Methoni district was then divided (Phanariou province, Arcadia province, Navarinou province and Methoni province). Based on the Venetian Corner census of 1689, the village had 44 inhabitants.[7]
Second Ottoman occupation
Main article: Kazas Navarinou
After 1715, when the Turks expelled the Venetians from the Morea and returned, they renamed the Barony of Methoni to Vilayet of Arcadia. During the period when the wider area of Pylia was under the second Ottoman occupation (1715-1821), the village of Pispitsa was under the Kazas Navarinou according to the publication of the American School of Classical Studies in Athens entitled A Historical and Economic Geography of Ottoman Greece: The Southwestern Morea in the 18th Century, since after the reconquest of the Morea regions by the Turks, the area of Navarinou, i.e. Pylia, formed another part of the Ottoman (defter) cadastral survey. The village was referred to in Ottoman Turkish as Pispitsa. The area of modern Myrsinohori, which was then a manor (Pispitsa, ciftlik), also included the areas of Nasa or Memi Aga (mazra'a) and Rotsi (Rotsi or Denmusarin, mazra'a).[9][10]
Administrative history
The Pispisa or Pispisia[11] area was annexed, in 1835,[12] initially to the old Municipality of Skarmigos,[13] with its seat in Skarmigos (today Metamorfosi) and 5 years later, with the abolition of this municipality, it was annexed, in 1840,[14] to the old Municipality of Voufrasos[15] with its seat initially in Hatzi, where it remained until 1912 when this municipality was abolished. In 1851[16] the seat of the Municipality of Voufrasos was transferred from Hatzi to Vlachopoulos, while five years later, in 1856,[17] the seat of the municipality was again Hatzi. The village is mentioned, in 1853, also as Pispisia in the second volume of "Hellenic" by Iakovos Rizos Ragavis, as a village of the Municipality of Voufrasos in the District of Pylia with a population of 62 inhabitants, based on the census of 1851.[18] In 1882[19] the old Municipality of Voufrasos was renamed the Municipality of Voufrasos. From 1844 to 1896 the village was officially referred to as Pispisa and from 1896 to 1928 as Pispisia. In 1912[20] Pispisia was annexed as the seat of the Community of Pispisia.[21] The settlement of Skarmigas was also annexed to the same community (it remained in this community until 1829). In 1927[22] the settlements of Pispisia and Skarmigas were renamed Myrsinochori and Metamorfosis, and the Community of Pispisia was renamed the Community of Myrsinochori, respectively. From 1928 to 1940 the village was officially referred to as Myrsinochori, and from 1940 to the present day as Myrsinochorion. Myrsinohorion remained the seat of the Community of Myrsinohorion, with the change of the name of the village and the community, from 1912 to 1997, when then, within the framework of the changes that occurred in the local government, through the "Kapodistrias" plan, Myrsinohorion was subordinated to the abolished Municipality of Nestor,[23][24] until 2010. Since 2011, after the new changes of the "Kallikratis" plan, Myrsinohorion now belongs to the new Municipality of Pylos - Nestor.[25][26] This municipality was established with the Kallikratis Program by merging the pre-existing municipalities of Koroni, Methoni, Papaflessa, Pylos, Nestor and Chiliohoria. Myrsinohorion is today the seat and the only settlement of the Local Community of Myrsinohorion of the Municipality of Pylos-Nestor.[4]
Residents
The settlement, based on the 2011 census, has 190 permanent residents, who are mainly employed in various agricultural activities.
Population Evolution of Myrsinohori Messinia Census Population Population Evolution Chart
1689 44[7]
1844 69[27]
1851 62[18]
1879 141[7][28]
1889 189[29]
1896 222[30]
1907 249[31]
1920 311[32]
1928 323[33]
1940 351[34]
1951 356[35]
1961 311[36]
1971 217[37]
1981 141[38]
1991 125[39]
2001 217[40]
2011 190[41]
Note: The population as indicated in the above diagram includes the total sum of the inhabitants of the settlement of Pispisa and the settlement of Nassa, in the year 1879, as they were enumerated together in this census.
Buildings – events – sights
In addition to the traditional houses and the old Primary School, there is the village church, the Church of Agios Georgios. Also, a festival is organized every year, on 24 June, in honor of Agios Ioannis Riganas, where various local dishes, boiled goat and soup are offered.[6] A modern olive press also operates in the village area.[42] Among the attractions of the village area is the nearby Archaeological Site of Myrsinochori, at the location of Routsi.
Archaeological Site in Myrsinochori
About 1.5 km northeast of the village, at the location of Routsi or Routsi, is the Archaeological Site of Myrsinochori. A series of excavations were carried out at this site in the 1950s by Spyridon Marinatos and in the 1970s by Georgios St. Korres, which brought to light two tombs of the Middle Helladic period (2,200 BC-1,600 BC), which contained funerary pithoi. The tombs were built on an older settlement (3,000 BC-2,500 BC). Two vaulted tombs of the Mycenaean period (1,600 BC-1,100 BC) were also excavated, which had a relatively small diameter (approximately 5 meters). These tombs probably contained the burials of local officials. One of the vaulted tombs, which was undamaged, yielded impressive finds, including swords and manuals in leather sheaths, numerous seal stones, a heavy necklace of Baltic amber, and one of the largest surviving swords of the Mycenaean era.[43][6]
References
Myrsinochori, from the website: buk.gr
Postal Code Myrsinochori Messinia.
Telephone codes of Greece, Zone 27: Pylos: 27230
Municipal Unit Nestor Archived 2017-12-23 at the Wayback Machine., from the website: www.pylos-nestor.gr of the Municipality of Pylos - Nestor.
Spyridon Marinatos, PAE 1953, pp. 249-250, PAE 1956, pp. 203-206, PAE 1957, pp. 118-120, Georgios St. Korres, PAE 1976, pp. 281-282 and PAE 1977, pp. 230, Excavations > History of Excavations > Peloponnese > Messinia > Routsi[dead link], from the website: www.archetai.gr of the Archaeological Society in Athens.
Messinia > Archaeological Site at Myrsinochori, from the website: greece.terrabook.com
Spyridon Lambros, "Census of the Prefecture of Methoni under the Venetians Archived 2015-12-09 at the Wayback Machine.", Bulletin of the Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece, volume 2 Archived 2017-11-06 at the Wayback Machine., From the Perris Brothers Printing House, Athens 1883, pp. 686-710. From the Digital Library of the University of Ioannina, Census 1689, No. 74 Pispirsa - Census 1879, No. 74 Pispirsa, pp. 702-703.
Konstantinos Ntokos, "BREVE DESCRITTONE DEL REGNO DI MOREA. Narrative historical source or official Venetian document of the Second Venetian Rule in the Peloponnese? Archived 2016-06-06 at the Wayback Machine.", "EOA AND ESPERIA", Vol 1, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eoaesperia.24 Athens 1993, pp. 110 (Primo Territorio di Navarin - Pirpissa), p. 125 (Terza Provincia di Messenia).
Fariba Zarinebaf, John Bennet, Jack L. Davis, "A Historical and Economic Geography of Ottoman Greece", "Hesperia", supplement 34, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Athens 2005, ISBN 978-0-87661-534-8, p. 128[dead link].
Siriol Davies, Jack L. Davis, "Between Venice and Istanbul: Colonial Landscapes in Early Modern Greece Archived 2016-11-02 at the Wayback Machine.", "Hesperia", supplement 40, ISSN 1064-1173, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Athens 2007, ISBN 087661540X, ISBN 9780876615409 and "Between Venice and Istanbul: Colonial Landscapes in Early Modern Greece[dead link]", p. 206[dead link].
Administrative Changes of Settlements > Pispisia (Messenia), from the website: www.eetaa.gr
21-04-1835.
Administrative Changes of Settlements > D. Skarmigos (Messenia), from the website: www.eetaa.gr
Government Gazette 22A - 18/12/1840.
Administrative Changes of Settlements > D. Voufrasou (Messenia), from the website: www.eetaa.gr
Government Gazette 4A - 10/03/1851.
Government Gazette 34A - 30/07/1856.
Iakovos R. Ragavi, The Greeks, In Athens, 1853, volume two, p. 578.
Government Gazette 89A - 29/08/1882.
GG 262A - 31/08/1912.
Administrative Changes of Settlements of Pispisia Municipality (Messenia), from the website: www.eetaa.gr
GG 306A - 22/12/1927.
Administrative Changes of Settlements > Nestor Municipality (Messenia), from the website: www.eetaa.gr
GG 244A - 04/12/1997.
GG 87A - 07/06/2010.
Administrative Changes of Settlements > Pylos-Nestor Municipality (Messenia), from the website: www.eetaa.gr
Stamatakis, I. D., "Topographical Table of Greece, Containing the Names, Distances and Population of Municipalities, Cities, Towns and Villages. / Collected from various official documents of the Northern Government, and published by I. D. Stamatakis". From the G. Vlassaridou Printing House. In Athens 1846, p. 48.
Ministry of Interior, "Statistics of Greece - Population 1879, from the S. K. Vlastos Printing House, Athens 1881. Also: "Statistics of Greece - Population 1879", p. 120.
Ministry of Interior, Department of Public Economy and Statistics, "Statistics of Greece - Population - Census of 15-16 April 1889", Part Two - Tables A', from the National Printing House and Lithograph, Athens 1890, p. 87.
Ministry of Interior, Department of Public Economy and Statistics, "Statistical Results of the Population Census, on 5-6 October 1896", Part Two - Tables - A' Population by Prefectures, Districts, Municipalities, from the National Printing House and Lithograph, Athens 1897, p. 103.
Ministry of the Interior, Census Service, Statistical Results of the General Population Census, as of October 27, 1907", Edited by: Georgios Chomatianou, volume two, from the Michael Nikolaidou Printing House, Athens 1909, p. 394.
Ministry of National Economy, Directorate of Statistics, "Population of the Kingdom of Greece, as of the Census of December 19, 1920", from the National Printing House, Athens 1921. Also: "Population of the Kingdom of Greece, as of the Census of December 19, 1920", p. 237.
Ministry of National Economy, General Statistical Service of Greece, "Population of Greece according to the Census of 15-16 May 1928". (Actual population ratified by the decree of 23 November 1928), from the National Printing House, Athens 1935. Also: "Population of Greece, according to the Census of 15-16 May 1928", p. 275.
Ministry of National Economy, General Statistical Service of Greece, "Population of Greece according to the census of 16 October 1940". (Actual population by prefectures, provinces, municipalities, communities, cities and villages), from the National Printing House, Athens 1950. Also: "Population of Greece, according to the Census of 16 October 1940", p. 303.
National Statistical Service of Greece, "Population of Greece according to the Census of 7 April 1951". (Actual population by prefectures, provinces, municipalities, communities, cities and villages), from the National Printing House, Athens 1955. Also: "Population of Greece, according to the Census of 7 April 1951 Archived 2013-05-14 at the Wayback Machine.", p. 148.
National Statistical Service of Greece, "Population of Greece according to the Census of 19 March 1961". (Actual population by prefectures, provinces, municipalities, communities and settlements. Approved by the joint decision of the Ministers of Coordination and Interior No. 46929/6877/1961), from the National Printing House, Athens 1962. Also: "Population of Greece, according to the Census of 19 March 1961", p. 143.
National Statistical Service of Greece, "Population of Greece according to the Census of 14 March 1971". (Actual population by prefectures, provinces, municipalities, communities and settlements. Ratified by the joint decision of the Ministers of the Deputy Prime Minister and the Interior No. 3893/Ε637/1972), Athens 1972. Also: "Population of Greece, according to the Census of 14 March 1971", p. 139.
National Statistical Service of Greece, "Actual Population of Greece according to the Census of 5 April 1981". (Ranked by the joint decision of the Ministers of Coordination and the Interior No. 7908/δ'554/12-4-1982), Athens 1982. Also: "Actual Population of Greece according to the Census of 5 April 1981", p. 149.
National Statistical Service of Greece, "Actual Population of Greece according to the Census of 17 March 1991". (Ranked by 24197/Γ' 3812/24-11-1993 joint decision of the Ministers of National Economy and Interior), Athens 1994. Also: "Actual Population of Greece according to the Census of 17 March 1991", p. 182.
National Statistical Service of Greece, "Actual Population of Greece. Census 2001". (Rated with 6821/Γ5-908/4-6-2002 joint decision of the Ministers of Economy and Finance and of the Interior, Public Administration and Decentralization), Athens 2003. Also: "Real Population of Greece. Census 2001", p. 185.
"Population - Housing Census 2011. Resident Population", Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT).
"Messinia: Olive Culture in the land of Messinia" - "Messinia. The Culture of the Olive Tree in the Messinian Land", Biotourism Guide - Biotourism Guide, from the website: biopolitics.gr, Biotourism – Olive Culture in the land of Messinia, published by: "Biopolitics International Organisation" - "International Organisation of Biopolitics", Athens 2015, ISBN 978-960-7508-55-3, section: "Myrsinochori and the prehistoric finds", p. 243.
Excavations > History of Excavations > Peloponnese > Messinia > Routsi[dead link], from the website: www.archetai.gr of the Archaeological Society of Athens.
Sources
The censuses of the Pronoites of the Serene Republic of Venice, Corner (1689), Grimani (1700) Angelo Emo (perhaps 1708), the undated census mentioned in the Querini-Stampalia manuscript (perhaps 1711), are four of the various Venetian censuses, which were attempted during the thirty-year period (1683/84-1715), during which the Venetians occupied the Peloponnese. To date, only the Grimani census has been fully published, by the historian and emeritus director of research of the National Research Foundation (NRF) Vassilis Panagiotopoulos, in his work "Population and settlements of the Peloponnese. 13th - 18th century", (1985).
Vasilis Panagiotopoulos, "Population and settlements of the Peloponnese. 13th - 18th century", Series: Studies in Modern Greek History, translation: Christina Agriantoni, edited by Angeliki Kokkou, published by Commercial Bank of Greece - Historical Archive, Athens 1985, 2nd edition: 1987.
Konstantinos Ntokos, "BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE KINGDOM OF MOREA. Narrative historical source or official Venetian document of the Second Venetian Rule in the Peloponnese?", "EOA AND ESPERIA", Vol 1, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eoaesperia.24 Athens 1993.
Spyridon Lambros, "Census of the Prefecture of Methoni under the Venetians", Bulletin of the Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece, volume 2, Perris Brothers Printing House, Athens 1883, pp. 686-710. From the Digital Library of the University of Ioannina.
Spyridon Marinatos, PAE 1953, pp. 249-250.
Spyridon Marinatos, PAE 1956, pp. 203-206.
Spyridon Marinatos, PAE 1957, pp. 118-120.
Georgios St. Korres, PAE 1976, pp. 281-282.
Georgios St. Korres, PAE 1977, pp. 230.
Fariba Zarinebaf, John Bennet, Jack L. Davis, "A Historical and Economic Geography of Ottoman Greece", "Hesperia", supplement 34, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Athens 2005, ISBN 978-0-87661-534-8.
Siriol Davies, Jack L. Davis, "Between Venice and Istanbul: Colonial Landscapes in Early Modern Greece", "Hesperia", supplement 40, ISSN 1064-1173, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Athens 2007, ISBN 087661540X, ISBN 9780876615409.
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