Administrative Region : Crete
Regional unit : Rethymno
Margarites (Μαργαρίται) Rethymno
Margarites[1] (official: Margaritai)[2] is a village and the seat of the homonymous local community of the Municipality of Mylopotamos in the Regional Unit of Rethymno, Crete. It is located 27 kilometers from Rethymno at an altitude of 300 meters.[3]
Historical information
During the Venetian occupation, it was an important village with many mansions, with beautiful gates. It was the seat of the Kallergis-Prikosiridis rebellion (1333) against the Venetians. After the suppression of the rebellion, the Venetians burned the village. In Venetian sources it is referred to as Magarites, Magharites and Margarites. The wealthy Miliotis family came from Margarites. Andreas Miliotis was the first Grammarian of the Porta in the early years of Turkish rule.[4][5]
In 1669, with the occupation of Crete by the Ottomans, the village was ceded to the conqueror of Candakas, Kioproulis Ahmet Pasha. It was the seat of the Mylopotamos province during the period of Ottoman rule (Nefs Mylopotama).[5] At the end of the struggle for independence (1829-30), Margarites became the seat of the Cretan Council. In 1867, Panos Koronaios repelled Resit Pasha in the area of the village. Margarites was the village of the legendary abbot of the Arkadi monastery, Gabriel Marinakis.
Since 1879, it has been the seat of the Municipality of Margarites, which consisted of 19 settlements. In 1901, it became the seat of the Municipality of Elefthernaion, which included 29 settlements. In 1911, with the issuance of the decree "On Municipalities", it became a rural municipality with the villages of Pigouniana, Tzanakiana and Metochi Christou. Two years later (1913), it became the seat of the Margarita Community.[5] In 1998, it joined the Kapodistrian Municipality of Geropotamos and in 2010, with the "Kallikratis" plan, it joined the Municipality of Mylopotamos.[2]
On 1 August 1944, a group of ELAS trapped a German motorcycle group, one of the numerous resistance actions on the island.[6]
Population development
During the 1583 census, Margarites had 460 residents, in 1881: 816, in 1900: 986, in 1920: 715, in 1928: 693, in 1940: 719, in 1951: 669, in 1961: 604, in 1971: 415, in 1981: 365, in 1991: 328[7] and in 2011: 269 inhabitants.
Monuments
Margarites is a magnet for visitors, as it has a unique color and character.
Picturesque Margarites Street, Mylopotamos
Archaeology
At the site of Viglia, a built-up vaulted tomb from the Late Minoan period (14th century BC) was excavated by the archaeological service.[8] At the site of Kali Plaka, archaeologist Nikolaos Platon in 1957 examined the remains of a Roman bath.
Churches
Many frescoed churches from the 14th to the 17th centuries survive in Margarites. The frescoed church of Agios Ioannis the Theologian was frescoed in 1383, sponsored by the priest Georgios Klados. The stone iconostasis separating the sacred stage from the main church is characteristic. In Mesochoria, the church of Agios Ioannis Prodromos preserves frescoes from the first half of the 15th century.[9] Other churches: the two-aisled church of Panagia, Agios Georgios, the three-aisled basilica of Agios Nikolaos, the cave churches of Agios Antonios and Agios Onoufrios in Lagos, etc.
The parish of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary of Margarita belongs to the 4th archiepiscopal district of the Holy Metropolis of Rethymno and Avlopotamos and includes the settlements of Pigouniana (Church of Agios Spyridon) and Tzannakiana (Church of the Holy Cross). In 1654, Margarita was ceded by the Metropolitan of Crete Neophytos to the Ecumenical Patriarch Ioannikos II. Thus, the patriarchal exarchate of Margarita was created, which is attested until the end of the 18th century.[10]
Pottery
A jar from Margarita in a picturesque alley of Margarita
The village is the largest pottery center in Western Crete. Until the mid-1970s, during the summer months, utilitarian ceramic vessels were manufactured in the local workshops (tsikalaria) located south of the settlement at the "Livadi" location. Today, the Margarita potters mainly manufacture souvenirs for the numerous visitors to the village.
Administrative data
It was officially mentioned as a settlement in 1925 in the Government Gazette 27A - 31/01/1925 to be the seat of the newly founded community of the same name.[11] According to the Kallikratis program and the Kleisthenes I program, together with the settlements of Ano Tripodo, Vergiana, Kinigiana, Laga, Pigouniana, Plevriana, Stavromenos and Tzannakiana, it constitutes the community of Margarita[12] which falls under the municipal unit of Geropotamos of the municipality of Mylopotamos and according to the 2011 census has 269 residents.[13]
See Community of Margarita
Bibliography
Manolis Dim. Giannousakis, Margarites: A "flower" in the heart of Crete, Athens Philekpadeiiki Ethia Kallimachi 2016.
References
Encyclopedia Papyrus Larousse Britannica. 40. Papyrus Publishing House. 1996. p. 301.
«EETAA-Administrative Changes of Settlements». www.eetaa.gr. Retrieved on March 12, 2022.
«Destination MARGARITES (Village) GEROPOTAMOS - Greek Travel Pages». www.gtp.gr. Retrieved on March 12, 2022.
Spanakis, Stergios (1993). Towns and villages of Crete through the ages (register of settlements). Heraklion: Graphic Arts: G. Detorakis. p. 512-513.
Tsantiropoulos, Aristides (1994). "Villages and settlements of the Mylopotamos Province: Population data and administrative changes from the Venetian period to the present". Cretological Letters vol. 9/10 pp. 32-39.
Beevor, Antony; Prokopiou, Aristeidēs Pl (2004). Krētē : hē machē kai hē antistasē. Athēna: Ekdoseis Gkovostē. ISBN 9602709278. 1245306645.
Tsantiropoulos, Aristides (1994). "Villages and settlements of the Mylopotamos Province: Population data and administrative changes from the Venetian period to the present". Cretological Letters vol. 9/10 pp. 50.
Papadopoulos, Eleni (2006). "Late Minoan Tholos Tomb at Margarites of Mylopotamos". Proceedings of the International Conference Mylopotamos from Antiquity to the Present. 2 Ancient Times. Rethymno. pp. 129-152. ISBN 9608580188.
Andrianakis, Michalis; Giapitsoglou, Kostas (2012). Christian Monuments of Crete. Heraklion. pp. 280. ISBN 9786188024502.
Papadakis, Konstantinos (2006). "The Patriarchal Exarchate of Margarites". Proceedings of the International Conference Mylopotamos from Antiquity to the Present. vol. 6 Venetian rule - Turkish rule. Rethymno: Historical and Folklore Society of Rethymno. pp. 89-99. ISBN 96085801X .
«EETAA-Administrative Changes of Settlements». www.eetaa.gr. Retrieved on June 13, 2022.
«Law 4555/2018 - Government Gazette 133/A/19-7-2018 (Articles 1 - 151) (CLOSED Program) (Codified)». e-nomothesia.gr | Legislation Information Bank. Retrieved on June 13, 2022.
«Government Gazette of the results of the PERMANENT population census 2011», p. 10885 (p. 411 of the pdf)
| Community Margarites |
|---|
| Ano Tripodo (Άνω Τριπόδο, το) |
| Vergiana (Βεργιανά, τα) |
| Kynigiana (Κυνηγιανά, τα) |
| Lagka (Λαγκά, η) |
| Margarites (Μαργαρίτες, οι) |
| Pigouniana (Πιγουνιανά, τα) |
| Plevriana (Πλευριανά, τα) |
| Stavromenos (Σταυρωμένος, ο) |
| Tzannakiana (Τζαννακιανά, τα) |
----
Margarites (Μαργαρίτες) Rethymno
Margarites (Μαργαρίτες) Samos
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