Administrative Region : Peloponnese
Regional unit : Messinia
Chandrinos (Χανδρινός) Messinia
Chandrinos,[4] previously referred to as Profitis Elias or Ai Lias or "of Chandrinos" or Chandrino or Chandrino, is a semi-mountainous settlement near Pylos in the former Municipality of Chiliochoria, and administratively falls under the Municipality of Pylos - Nestor, in the Prefecture of Messinia.
Location
Chandrinos is located northeast of Pylos, approximately 13.5 kilometers away. It has an altitude of 309[1] meters and is approximately 12.5 kilometers away from the Gulf of Navarino. Near Chandrinos are located, to the northeast of it, Soulinari at a distance of approximately 2 kilometers, to the northwest of it, Koukkounara and Stenosia, at distances of approximately 6.5 and 4.5 kilometers respectively, and to the southwest of it, Balodimeika at a distance of approximately 5.5 kilometers. Chandrinos is connected by road to National Road 82, which passes through the village.
History
The village has a long history that follows the history of Messinia and the wider region of both Methoni and Pylia. The area of the settlement, in antiquity, was part of the kingdom of Nestor, ancient Pylos. The village is mentioned, at least since the Middle Ages and the First Venetian Rule. Also, some of the village's residents come from Arcadian cattle breeders, also known as the "anevokatevates", a name that was previously attributed to these shepherds, as in the Spring they would ascend with their flocks to Arcadia, while in the Winter they would descend to the wintering grounds of Messinia.[5]
Antiquity
Within the geographical boundaries of today's Chandrino there are finds from the Neolithic period (at the location "Kotronakia"), the Mycenaean period (in the settlement of Platanovrissi, at the location "Tourliditsa" and at the location "Hilia Choria"), as well as the Archaic period (at the location "Platania").[6]
Settlement and tumulus at Kissos
About 1 kilometer east of the village, at the Kissos site, a burial mound with a diameter of 12 meters and a height of 4 meters was excavated in 1966 by Spyridon Marinatos, around which four burial enclosures were found. A cist tomb and two burial pithoi were also found.[7] From the coarse and undecorated pottery, Sp. Marinatos concluded that it was perhaps a cemetery for the inhabitants of a relatively poor settlement, farmers and shepherds, a settlement that had been in use since about 2200 BCE, as all the burials based on the findings date from the Middle Helladic to the Late Helladic IIIA period. The second tomb, the so-called Tourliditsa, is later, around the ΥΕ II-III period.[7] However, the dead were worshipped until the Hellenistic period, as a relevant part of an inscription paying homage was found on a fragment of a bucket-shaped vase between the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. In a close distance there was probably an even older residential establishment of the Early Helladic period (around 3200 BCE).[7]
Early Christian basilica
Also at the site of Panagitsa there were remains of the Early Byzantine era, mainly breastplates which, probably, belonged to an Early Christian basilica.[7]
Middle Ages - First Venetian Rule
In 1423, the first mention is made of the conical hill of Ai Lia (Sancte Elie), the top of which was occasionally used by the Venetians of Methoni as an observatory. In 1505, the small settlement of Chandrinovrysis was created, in the present-day “Pera kambos” of the village, by relatives and followers of the Byzantine official Theodosios Chandrinos.
First Turkish Rule
In 1573, during the reign of Sultan Murad III, the Ottomans built the new fortress (Niokastro or Navarino) at the entrance to the present-day port of Pylos. At the same time, the construction of the stone-built aqueduct, 15 km long, from the spring of Goube - Chandrinos, which brought water to the fortress through natural flow, begins.
2nd Venetian occupation
Main article: Territory of Methoni
During the Second Venetian Rule, it was referred to as Candrinù.[8] The settlement is also mentioned in various censuses of the Venetian Pronoites of the Serene Republic of Venice, which were carried out during the thirty-year period (1683/84-1715), during which the Venetians occupied the Peloponnese. The village of Candrinù belonged, in 1689, to the province of Methoni (Territorio di Modon), which was one of the 4 provinces into which the Methoni district was then divided (province of Fanari, province of Arcadia, province of Navarino and province of Methoni). In 1700, the forced movement of the inhabitants of Candrinù to the foothills of Ai Lia was completed due to malaria. In the Venetian census of that year, the village of Ai Lia has only 13 families and 52 inhabitants.
Second Ottoman occupation
Main article: Kazas Navarinou
After 1715, when the Turks expelled the Venetians from the Morea and returned, they renamed the Barony of Methoni to Vilayet of Arcadia. During the period when the wider area of Pylia was under the second Ottoman occupation (1715-1821), the village of Andirinou (Andirinu Çiftlik), was a border point for Kazas Navarinou after Stenosia (Lezaga, Elyas Aga Çiftlik), but it is not mentioned that it was under it. According to the publication of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens entitled A Historical and Economic Geography of Ottoman Greece: The Southwestern Morea in the 18th Century, after the reconquest of the Morea regions by the Turks, the area of Navarino, i.e. Pylia, formed another part of the Ottoman (defter) cadastral survey. The village was referred to in Ottoman Turkish as Andirinou (Andirinu Çiftlik).[9]
More recent history
In the late 18th century, the slopes of Lykodimos were dominated by the fighter of the pre-revolutionary period Mantas (Nikolaos is the prevailing view for his first name). At the foot of Ai Lia, he met the beautiful tselingopoula Vlachothanasso.[10] The name Manta became a legend and a well-known folk song.[11][12] On March 23, 1821, the local chieftain of Chandrinos, Georgios Chandrinos, fell fighting against the Ottomans who were camped in the area of Kandil(i)askeri'[6] (present-day Platanovrisi). This was the first battle of the 1821 Revolution in this area. In 1821, the name Chandrinos for the settlement, instead of Ai Lia until then, was finalized. In September 1828, the French general Nicolas-Joseph Maison encamped in the Goube of Chandrinos.[13] Many Chandrinou fought and fell heroically during the Balkan Wars and on the Balkan side of World War I, while during World War II and the Italian-German Occupation they developed intense resistance action. Today "Chandrinou", as its inhabitants like to call it, is a picturesque semi-mountainous settlement with a permanent population of approximately 600 inhabitants.[6]
| Municipal unit Chiliochoria |
|---|
| Community Koukkounara |
| Koukounara (Κουκκουνάρα, η) |
| Στενωσιά, η |
| Community Kremmydia |
| Kremmydia (Κρεμμύδια, τα) |
| Community Mesopotamos |
| Mesopotamos (Μεσοπόταμος, ο) |
| Community Soulinari |
| Soulinari (Σουληνάρι, το) |
| Community Chandrinos |
| Πλατανόβρυση, η |
| Chandrinos (Χανδρινός, ο) |
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