John Atkinson Grimshaw
Paintings
After the Shower
A Moonlit Lane with two lovers by a gate
A Wet Road by Moonlight. Wharfedale
The Tryst
Briggate Leeds
Greenock Harbour at Night
The Lighthouse At Scarborough
Reflections on the Thames. Westminster
On the Tees near Barnard Castle
The Custom House Liverpool Looking South
A Golden Idyll
Whitby from Station Quay
Sand Sea and Sky a Summer Phantasy
October Gold
Liverpool Docks
Boar Lane Leeds
Dame Autumn has a mournful face
Elaine
Glasgow Docks
Moonlight, Wharfedale
An Autumnal Scene at Dusk near Leeds
Under the Silvery Moonbeams
Night Scene in Roundhay Park
Hull Docks at Night
A Yorkshire Home
Under the Moonbeams
Clyde Shipping, Wet Moonlit Night
Lovers in a Woodland Clearing
Glasgow
The Seven Arches Adel Woods
Reekie. Glasgow
Autumn Sunshine. Stapleton Park near Pontefract
All in the Golden Twilight
From Nature, near Adel
A November Morning
The Docks at Liverpool
The Lady of Shalott
The Seal of the Covenant, a Lake District Torrent
Nightfall on the Thames
Autumn morning
Evening Shadows
Thrush's Nest.Primroses.Pear Blossom
March Morning
In the Golden Gloaming
In the Golden Olden Times
Port Light
Liverpool Docks From Wapping
Tree Shadows on the Park Wall Roundhay Park Leeds
Prince's Dock. Hull
Autumn Afterglow
On the Clyde. Glasgow
Tree Shadows on the Park Wall Roundhay Park Leeds
Yew Court. Scalby near Scarborough
November
My Wee White Rose
Evening Glow
Autumn Gold
Blackman Street London
The Haunted House
The Rector's Garden. Queen of the Lilies
Night vigil
The Haunt of the Heron
At The Park Gate
A November Night
Near York
Roundhay Lake
A Lady in a Classical Interior
A Mountain Road, Flood Time (another version)
A Village Street on Sunday Eve
A Wet Road by Moonlight, Wharfedale
An Extensive Meadow Landscape with Geese by a Stream
Autumn Sunshine Stapelton Park
Dame Autumn Hath a Mournful Face
Figure on a moonlit lane, St. John's Road, Ryde, Isle of Wight
Figures in a Moonlit Lane after Rain
Forge Valley, near Scarborough
From the Castle, Roundhay Park,
Full moon, Roundhay Park Castle
Lovers in a Wood under Moonlight
Lovers in a Woodland Clearing,
Moonlight on the Lake, Roundhay Park, Leeds
Old Scarborough, Full Moon, High Water
Reflections on the Thames, Westminster
Saturday Night, on the Clyde at Glasgow,
Southwark Bridge from Blackfriars,
Stapleton Park near Pontefract, Sun
The Custom House, Liverpool, Looking South
The Wharfe Valley, with Barden Tower beyond
Tree Shadows on the Park Wall, Roundhay Park, Leeds,
Under the Moonbeams, Knostrop Hall,
Waterloo Bridge, London, Looking East
Waterloo Lake, Roundhay Park, Leeds
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After the Shower
John Atkinson Grimshaw (6 September 1836 – 13 October 1893) was a Victorian-era artist, a "remarkable and imaginative painter"[1] known for his city night-scenes and landscapes.[2][3]
His early paintings were signed "JAG," "J. A. Grimshaw," or "John Atkinson Grimshaw," though he finally settled on "Atkinson Grimshaw."
Life
John Atkinson Grimshaw was born 6 September 1836 in Leeds. In 1856 he married his cousin Frances Hubbard (1835–1917). In 1861, at the age of 24, to the dismay of his parents, he left his job as a clerk for the Great Northern Railway to become a painter. He first exhibited in 1862, mostly paintings of birds, fruit and blossom, under the patronage of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society.[4] He became successful in the 1870s and rented a second home in Scarborough, which became a favourite subject.
Several of his children, Arthur E. Grimshaw (1864–1913), Louis H. Grimshaw (1870–1944), Wilfred Grimshaw (1871–1937) and Elaine Grimshaw (1877–1970) became painters.
Work
Grimshaw's primary influence was the Pre-Raphaelites. True to the Pre-Raphaelite style, he created landscapes of accurate colour, lighting, vivid detail and realism. He painted landscapes that typified seasons or a type of weather; city and suburban street scenes and moonlit views of the docks in London, Leeds, Liverpool, and Glasgow also figured largely in his art. His careful painting and skill in lighting effects meant that he captured both the appearance and the mood of a scene in minute detail. His "paintings of dampened gas-lit streets and misty waterfronts conveyed an eerie warmth as well as alienation in the urban scene."[5]
Dulce Domum (1855), on whose reverse Grimshaw wrote, "mostly painted under great difficulties," captures the music portrayed in the piano-player, entices the eye to meander through the richly decorated room, and to consider the still and silent young lady who is listening. Grimshaw painted more interior scenes, especially in the 1870s, when he worked under the influence of James Tissot and the Aesthetic Movement.[6]
On Hampstead Hill is considered one of Grimshaw's finest works, exemplifying his skill with a variety of light sources, in capturing the mood of the passing of twilight into night. In his later career his urban scenes under twilight or yellow streetlighting were popular with his middle-class patrons.[7]
His later work included imagined scenes from the Greek and Roman empires, and he painted literary subjects from Longfellow and Tennyson—pictures including Elaine and The Lady of Shalott. (Grimshaw named his children after characters in Tennyson's poems.)[8]
In the 1880s, Grimshaw maintained a London studio in Chelsea, not far from the studio of James Abbott McNeill Whistler. After visiting Grimshaw, Whistler remarked that "I considered myself the inventor of Nocturnes until I saw Grimmy's moonlit pictures."[9] Unlike Whistler's Impressionistic night scenes Grimshaw worked in a realistic vein: "sharply focused, almost photographic," his pictures innovated in applying the tradition of rural moonlight images to the Victorian city, recording "the rain and mist, the puddles and smoky fog of late Victorian industrial England with great poetry."[10]
Shipping on the Clyde, 1881
Grimshaw's paintings depicted the contemporary world but eschewed the dirty and depressing aspects of industrial towns. Shipping on the Clyde, a depiction of Glasgow's Victorian docks, is a lyrically beautiful evocation of the industrial era. Grimshaw transcribed the fog and mist so accurately as to capture the chill in the damp air, and the moisture penetrating the heavy clothes of the few figures awake in the misty early morning.
Some artists of Grimshaw's period, like Vincent van Gogh and James Smetham, left letters and documents recording their work and lives. Grimshaw left behind no letters, journals, or papers; scholars and critics have little material on which to base their understanding of his life and career.
Grimshaw died on 13 October 1893 of tuberculosis and is buried in Woodhouse Cemetery, (now called St George's Fields), Leeds. His reputation rested on, and his legacy is based on, his townscapes. There was a revival of interest in Grimshaw's work in the second half of the 20th century, with several important exhibitions devoted to it. A retrospective exhibition "Atkinson Grimshaw – Painter of Moonlight" ran from 16 April 2011 to 4 September 2011 at Mercer Art Gallery in Harrogate and subsequently in the Guildhall Art Gallery, London.
References
Christopher Wood, Victorian Painting, Boston, Little, Brown & Co., 1999; p. 173.
Alexander Robertson, Atkinson Grimshaw, London, Phaidon Press, 1996 ISBN 0-7148-2525-5
H. J. Dyos and Michael Wolff, eds., The Victorian City: Images and Realities, 2 Volumes, London, Routledge, 1973.
Isabella Steer, The History of British Art, Bath: Parragon, 2002; p. 154. ISBN 0-7525-7602-X
Philip J. Waller, Town, City, and Nation, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1983; p. 99.
Wood, pp. 264–65.
Steer, p. 154.
Wood, p. 172.
Lionel Lambourne, Victorian Painting, London, Phaidon Press, 1999; p. 112.
Lambourne, pp. 112–13.
Further reading
Alexander Robertson, Atkinson Grimshaw, London, Phaidon Press, 1996 ISBN 0-7148-2525-5
Yorkshire Art Journal John Atkinson Grimshaw, York, 2014 - Historical Feature
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