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Gabriel Metsu

Paintings

Woman Eating, Known As The Cat's Breakfast Print by Gabriel Metsu

Woman Eating, Known as The Cat's Breakfast

Portrait Of A Lady. Lucia Wijbrants Print by Gabriel Metsu

Portrait of a Lady. Lucia Wijbrants

The Sick Child Print by Gabriel Metsu

The Sick Child

Lady At A Virginal Print by Gabriel Metsu

Lady at a Virginal

Girl Peeling Apples Print by Gabriel Metsu

Girl Peeling Apples

Crucifixion Print by Gabriel Metsu

Crucifixion

A Musical Party Print by Gabriel Metsu

A Musical Party

The Visit To The Nursery Print by Gabriel Metsu

The Visit to the Nursery

Woman Reading A Letter Print by Gabriel Metsu

Woman Reading a Letter

The Armorer Print by Gabriel Metsu

The Armorer

Old Woman Meditating Print by Gabriel Metsu

Old Woman Meditating

The Old Drinker Print by Gabriel Metsu

The Old Drinker

Gabriel Metsu

A Man and a Woman seated by a Virginal

Gabriel Metsu

A Woman seated at a Table and a Man tuning a Violin

Gabriel Metsu

A Young Woman seated drawing

Gabriel Metsu

An Old Woman with a Book

Gabriel Metsu

The Interior of a Smithy

Gabriel Metsu

Two Men with a Sleeping Woman

Gabriel Metsu

Letter writer

Gabriel Metsu

The Sick Child

Gabriel Metsu

Poultry seller

Gabriel Metsu

Potato Peeler

Gabriel Metsu

Love couple at breakfast

Gabriel Metsu

The Dead Cockerel

Gabriel Metsu

The Lord of Misrule

Gabriel Metsu

The Hunter and a Woman

Gabriel Metsu

Woman Playing the Viola da Gamba

Gabriel Metsu

A Woman Drawing Wine From A Barrel

Gabriel Metsu

A Woman Seated at a Table and a Man Tuning a Violin

Gabriel Metsu

Breakfast

Gabriel Metsu

Man and Woman Sitting at the Virginal

Gabriel Metsu

Old Woman Meditating

Gabriel Metsu

The Hunter's Present

Gabriel Metsu

The Letter­Writer Surprised

Gabriel Metsu

The Old Drinker

Gabriel Metsu

The Sleeping Sportsman

Gabriel Metsu

Vegetable Market in Amsterdam

Gabriel Metsu

Visit of the Physician

Gabriel Metsu

Woman Eating

Gabriel Metsu

Woman Reading a Letter


Drawings

Gabriel Metsu

Woman with Wash Bowl

Gabriel Metsu

Woman Figure

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 - Crucifixion by Gabriel Metsu

Crucifixion

Gabriël Metsu (1629–1667) was a Dutch painter of history paintings, still lifes, portraits and exquisite genre works. He was "a highly eclectic artist, who did not adhere to a consistent style, technique, or one type of subject for long periods."[1] Only 14 of his 133 works are dated.

Life
Woman Reading a Letter, (1665) (National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin).


Gabriel Metsu was the son of Jacques Metsu (c. 1588 – March 1629) a tapestry worker and painter, originally from Hainault, who lived most of his days at Leiden. In 1625 he married Jacomijntje Garniers (c. 1590 – September 1651), the widow of a painter with three children of her own. It is not known when and where Gabriel was baptized; most likely in a Catholic hidden church but the baptismal records did not survive. Gabriel grew up on Lange Mare and his stepfather, a skipper, must have supported his education, because his mother was a poor midwife.

In 1648 Metsu was registered among the first members of the painters' guild at Leiden. In 1650 he ceased to subscribe. Metsu was possibly trained in Utrecht by the Catholic painters Nicolaus Knüpfer and Jan Weenix.[2]

Around 1655 Metsu moved to Amsterdam; he lived in an alley on Prinsengracht, next to a brewery and near his relatives, the children of the sugar refiner Philips Metsu.[3] In 1657 he got into an argument with a neighbor. (It was alleged that Metsu left a brothel at six in the morning.) Gabriel moved to a house on the canal side, where a daily vegetable market was held. In 1658 he married Isabella de Wolff,[4] whose father was a potter and mother the painter Maria de Grebber.

At the onset of the 1660s Metsu turned for inspiration to the art of the "fijnschilders" from his native Leiden. Metsu was responding to the market of Dou's paintings,[5] who sold his paintings all over for exorbitant prices. Metsu may have also influenced Pieter de Hooch.

For a while Metsu trained Michiel van Musscher and Joost van Geel. Metsu died at the age 38 and was buried in the Nieuwe Kerk. Three bells were tolled; a habit in use with Dutch Catholics at that time. His widow left for Enkhuizen, to live with her mother. Isabella was buried in the Zuiderkerk in 1718.


Style and Works
Gabriel Metsu - Portrait of a Lady

According to Jacobus Houbraken, Metsu was taught by Gerard Dou, though prior to about 1653 his influence is not apparent.[6] Around 1653-4, Metsu began placing his figures in domestic interiors and specialized in genre scenes on small panels. Old people were among Metsu's favorite thematic borrowings from Dou during his first years in Amsterdam.[7] Metsu often painted young (single) women who either feed pets,[8] sold goods at market (fruit, vegetables, fish, poultry, or meat) or were grocery-shopping themselves for these things.[9] Houbraken ends his biography with the comment that he was "of impeccable reputation", but he may have meant this ironically. Often, the subject of a Metsu painting was based on a popular emblem from an emblem book. This can give the painting a double meaning, such as in The Poultry seller, 1662, showing an old man offering a rooster to a young girl in a symbolic pose that is based on a lewd engraving by Gillis van Breen (1595–1622), with the same scene.[10] The accompanying verse is:
“ "Hoe duur dees vogel vogelaer?" "hy is vercocht" "waer?"

How much for the bird, birdman? It's sold. Where?

"aen een waerdinne clear, die ick vogel tgeheele Jaer."

To an innkeepster, to whom I sell birds/that I have sex with the whole year through.


— Gillis van Breen after C. Clock. De vogelverkoper (gravure). Rijksprentenkabinet, Amsterdam.
An alley on Prinsengracht 369[11] close to where Metsu lived between number 351 and 353

The Sick Child in Rijksmuseum from c. 1664 "prompts the thought that Metsu strongly admired Vermeer's work. It also provides us with a hint about what he thought was lacking in it: emotional involvement of the viewer".[12]

Carpets

At least thirteen of his paintings show carpets and he probably used the same model.[13] He included several fine examples of minutely depicted floral and cloud band carpets in his works and even a silk oriental rug, as well as so-called "lotto" rugs which he for some reason, in contrast to his meticulous rendering of the floral carpets, depicted only in a very sketchy fashion.[14]
Two paintings of the Hinlopen family

Around the year 1661, Metsu won the patronage of the Amsterdam cloth merchant Jan J. Hinlopen and painted his family more than once in a fashionable surrounding. There is still some confusion about two paintings by Metsu — the Portrait of the family Hinlopen, now in the Gemäldegalerie, which for a few decades was referred to as The Family of burgomaster Gillis Valckenier, and Visit to the Nursery — in the Metropolitan Museum. There is some general resemblance. The latter belonged to Jan J. Hinlopen.
Visit to the Nursery

In 1662 Jan Vos published a poem about this painting.[15] It might depict the Hinlopen family, but as the sitters have not been identified this painting it is more a genre work than a portrait. In 1721 Arnold Houbraken recalled the latter painting as the largest and finest work by Metsu he had ever seen.[16] Franits calls it one of his most intriguing images. What makes this painting especially interesting is its provenance.[5] The provenance is well-known, except for between the years 1666 and 1706.[17] In 1680, after the burial of his brother and guardian Jacob J. Hinlopen the paintings were divided in lots and given to his daughters [18] but none of the paintings or painters is mentioned.

The scene is set in an imaginary room of unrealistically large proportions. The father gestures deferentially while a maid dutifully fetches a chair for this esteemed visitor.[19] The chimney resembles the one in the "schepenzaal" of former Amsterdam townhall, also painted by Pieter de Hooch.[20] There is a seascape on the wall and Persian carpets on the table and the floor.[21] The carpet on the table is divided into compartments, which are partly vermilion red and partly purple red, and shield-shaped. The dark blue color of the borders on the carpet are relatively unusual.[22] The dog in the painting could be a Bolognese. Hung in the reception room of Hinlopen's home, the Visit to the Nursery thus alluded to his powerful role in local politics.


Notes

A. Waiboer, "Life and Work. A Catalogue Raisonné", p. 1.
Waiboer, A. (2005) The early years of Gabriël Metsu. In: The Burlington Magazine, No. 1223, Vol. CXLVII, p.80-90.
"[ANONYMOUS] - Art Records". frick.org.
The Speed Art Museum has a portrait of Metsu and his wife.
Franits, W. (2008) Dutch seventeenth-century Genre Painting. Its stylistic and thematic evolution, p. 182.
Waiboer, p. 11
Waiboer, p. 25, 33.
Waiboer, p. 110.
Gabriel Metzu biography in De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen (1718) by Arnold Houbraken, courtesy of the Digital library for Dutch literature
"E. de Jongh, 'Erotica in vogelperspectief. De dubbelzinnigheid van een reeks zeventiende-eeuwse genrevoorstellingen' · dbnl". dbnl.org.
According to Stone-Ferrier, L. (1989), p. 448-452 it is where Metsu lived.
Waiboer, p. 130.
Onno Ydema (1991) Carpets and their Datings in Netherlandish Paintings, 1540 - 1700, p. 31, 32. ISBN 90-6011-710-7.
Onno Ydema (1991) Carpets and their Datings in Netherlandish Paintings, 1540 - 1700, p. 123.
Vos, J. (1662) p. 654.
Houbraken 1718-1721, vol. 3, p. 41.
Judith van Gent, p. 134-135, notes 20, 22. See also note 4 and check provenance. The "extraordinary pretty" painting was sold as no. 2 on 18 May 1706 bringing up 435 guilders; for most people in those days more than a year salary.
RAU 67-59. Familiearchief Huydecoper, on 11/7/1679, 12/8/1679 and 2/22/1680.
Franits, W. (2008) Dutch seventeenth-century Genre Painting. Its stylistic and thematic evolution, p. 183.
Os, H. van (2002) Beeldenstorm in het Paleis op de Dam, p. 28-33.
Liedtke, W. (2007) Dutch Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art, p. 463.
Onno Ydema (1991) Carpets and their Datings in Netherlandish Paintings, 1540 - 1700, p. 74.

"The Visit to the Nursery by Gabriël Metsu". Metropolitan Museum of Art.


Sources

Robinson, F.W. (1974) Gabriel Metsu (1629–1667) a Study of His Place in Dutch Genre Painting of the Golden Age.
Stone-Ferrier, L. (1989) Gabriel Metsu's Vegetable Market at Amsterdam: seventeenth century Dutch market paintings and horticulture. In: Art Bulletin Jrg. 71 (1989), nr. 3 (September)

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