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Ary Scheffer

Paintings

Dante and Virgil Encountering the Shades of Francesca de Rimini and Paolo in the Underworld Print by Ary Scheffer

Dante and Virgil Encountering the Shades of Francesca de Rimini and Paolo in the Underworld

Saints Augustine and Monica Print by Ary Scheffer

Saints Augustine and Monica

Greek Women Imploring at the Virgin of Assistance Print by Ary Scheffer

Greek Women Imploring at the Virgin of Assistance

Princess Marie d'Orleans in Her Studio Print by Ary Scheffer

Princess Marie d'Orleans in Her Studio

Christus Consolator Print by Ary Scheffer

Christus Consolator

The heavenly and earthly love Print by Ary Scheffer

The heavenly and earthly love

The Death of Saint Louis Print by Ary Scheffer

The Death of Saint Louis

Mrs Robert Hollond Print by Ary Scheffer

Mrs Robert Hollond

Ary Scheffer

Addressing Crowd

Ary Scheffer

Allegory of fall of the November Uprising, 1831.

Ary Scheffer

Artist Drawing from a Model

Ary Scheffer

Charlemagne receives the submission of Widukind in Paderborn, (1840).

Ary Scheffer

Battle of Tolbiac

Ary Scheffer

Dead Go Quickly

Ary Scheffer

Selfportrait

Ary Scheffer

Ary Scheffer

Ary Scheffer

Béranger

Ary Scheffer

Cesarine-Marie-Josephine D'Houdetot, Baronne de Barante (1794-1877)

Ary Scheffer

Charlemagne 742-814 issuing the Capitulary of Herstal in 779

Ary Scheffer

Charles Gounod (1818-1893)

Ary Scheffer

Charles Dickens

Ary Scheffer

Chopin

Ary Scheffer

Christ at Gethsemane

Ary Scheffer

Christ Weeping over Jerusalem

Ary Scheffer

Death of Gaston de Foix in the Battle of Ravenna on 11 April 1512

Ary Scheffer

The Denial of Peter

Ary Scheffer

The return of the Army

Ary Scheffer

Christ on the Mount of Olives

Ary Scheffer

Count Eberhard of Wurtemberg

Ary Scheffer

Reynolds the Engraver

Ary Scheffer

Count Eberhard of Wurtemberg

Ary Scheffer

Faust in his study

Ary Scheffer

Faust and Marguerite in the Garden

Ary Scheffer

Felicite Robert de Lamennais (1782-1854)

Ary Scheffer

Francisca Joinville

Ary Scheffer

Greek women imploring for assistance

Ary Scheffer

Greek exiles on a rock, staring at the lost homeland

Ary Scheffer

Horace Vernet

Ary Scheffer

Ary Scheffer

John Calvin

Ary Scheffer

The Fire - Scene of exodus

Ary Scheffer

La Fayette on his deathbed (May 20, 1834)

Ary Scheffer

Death of Eurydice

Ary Scheffer

The temptation of Christ

Ary Scheffer

Lafayette

Ary Scheffer

General Changarnier

Ary Scheffer

Young Sick

Ary Scheffer

Macbeth and the witches

Ary Scheffer

Marie Taglioni (1804-1884), dancer

Ary Scheffer

Margaret at the fountain

Ary Scheffer

Marguerite Leaving Church

Ary Scheffer

Maria Magdalene praying

Ary Scheffer

Marie Etienne François Henri Baudrand

Ary Scheffer

Mary princess of Orleans, 1837

Ary Scheffer

Medora

Ary Scheffer

Monseigneur Sibour, Archbishop of Paris (1792-1857)

Ary Scheffer

Napoleon at St Helena dictating his memoirs to Las Cases

Ary Scheffer

Pauline de Rémusat

Ary Scheffer

Pauline Viardot

Ary Scheffer

Portrait of Princess Marie of Orleans before his sketchbooks

Ary Scheffer

Portrait of Mrs. Ed. Caillard

Ary Scheffer

Portrait of a Lady

Ary Scheffer

Portrait of a young woman

Ary Scheffer

Portrait of an Artist

Ary Scheffer

Portrait of Félicie de Fauveau

Ary Scheffer

Portrait of Chopin

Ary Scheffer

Portrait of General Lafayette (1757-1834), full-length, in a great coat over a stripped waistcoat, holding a hat and a stick

Ary Scheffer

Presumed Portrait of J.-A Nottebohm

Ary Scheffer

Portrait of mrs. Frederick Kent

Ary Scheffer

Princess Marie d'Orléans in Her Studio

Ary Scheffer

Ruth and Naomi

Ary Scheffer

Angel

Ary Scheffer

Seated Greek woman

Ary Scheffer

Head of a Woman

Ary Scheffer

The Agony in the Garden

Ary Scheffer

The Holy Women at the Sepulchre

Ary Scheffer

The Last Communion of Saint Louis

Ary Scheffer

The Vision. Dante and Beatrice

Ary Scheffer

The death of Gericault

Ary Scheffer

The Souliot Women

Ary Scheffer

A Convalescent Mother And Her Children

Ary Scheffer

Witch of Endor

Ary Scheffer

Selfportrait

Ary Scheffer

Battle of Ravenna in 1512

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Dante and Virgil Encountering the Shades of Francesca de Rimini and Paolo in the Underworld Print by Ary Scheffer

Dante and Virgil Encountering the Shades of Francesca de Rimini and Paolo in the Underworld

Ary Scheffer (10 February 1795 – 15 June 1858) was a Dutch-French Romantic painter.[1]

Life
Statue of Ary Scheffer on the Scheffersplein in Dordrecht created by Joseph Mezzara after a design by Scheffer's daughter Cornelia.
Scheffer's house in Paris, now Musée de la Vie romantique (Museum of Romantic Life).

Scheffer was the son of Johan Bernard Scheffer (1765–1809), a portrait painter born in Hamburg or Kassel who had moved to the Netherlands in his youth, and Cornelia Lamme (1769–1839), a portrait miniature painter and daughter of the Dordrecht landscape painter Arie Lamme, after whom Arij (later Ary) was named. He had two brothers, the journalist and writer Karel Arnold Scheffer (1796–1853) and the painter Hendrik Scheffer (1798–1862). He was taught by his parents and attended the Amsterdam drawing academy from the age of 11. In 1808 his father became court painter of Louis Bonaparte in Amsterdam, but he died a year later. Encouraged by Willem Bilderdijk, he moved to Lille for further study after the death of his father. In 1811 he and his mother, who had a large influence on his career, moved to Paris, where he studied at the École des Beaux-Arts as a pupil of Pierre-Narcisse Guérin. His brothers followed them later.[2]

Scheffer started exhibiting at the Salon de Paris from 1812 on. He started to become recognized in 1817 and in 1819 he was asked to make a portrait of the Marquis de Lafayette. Perhaps because of Lafayette's contacts, Scheffer and his brothers were politically active throughout their lives and he became a prominent Philhellene.[2]

In 1830 Scheffer had a daughter Cornelia. He registered the name of her mother as Maria Johanna de Nes, but nothing is known about her and she may have died soon after Cornelia's birth. Considering that his own grandmother's name was Johanna de Nes, it has been speculated that he kept Cornelia's mother's name a secret not to compromise a noble family's reputation. Cornelia Scheffer (1830–1899) became a sculptor and painter in her own right.[3] Scheffer's mother did not know of her namesake granddaughter until 1837, after which she took care of her until she died only two years later.[2] Scheffer became associate member of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands in 1846, and resigned in 1851.[4]

Scheffer was made commander of the Legion of Honour in 1848. As a captain of the Garde Nationale he escorted the royal family in their escape from the Tuileries and escorted the Duchess d'Orléans to the Chambre des Députés where she in vain proposed her son to be the next monarch of France. Scheffer fought in the army of Cavaignac during the popular uprising in Paris, but he was so shocked by the cruelty and hatred from the government's side and the misery of the lower classes that he withdrew from political activity and refused to make portraits of the family of Napoléon III. On March 16, 1850 he married Sophie Marin, the widow of General Baudrand, and on November 6 of that year he finally became a French citizen. He continued his frequent travels to the Netherlands, and made trips to Belgium, Germany and England, but a heart condition slowed him down and in 1858 took his life in his summerhouse in Argenteuil.[2] He is buried in the Cimetière de Montmartre.


Works

When Scheffer left Guérin's studio, Romanticism had come into vogue in France, with such painters as Xavier Sigalon, Eugène Delacroix and Théodore Géricault. Scheffer did not show much affinity with their work and developed his own style, which has been called "frigidly classical".[5]

Scheffer often painted subjects from literature, especially the works of Dante, Byron and Goethe. Two versions of Dante and Beatrice have been preserved at Wolverhampton Art Gallery, United Kingdom, and Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, US. Particularly highly praised was his Francesca da Rimini, painted in 1836. Ary Sheffer's popular Faust-themed paintings include Margaret at her wheel; Faust doubting; Margaret at the Sabbat; Margaret leaving church; The garden walk, and Margaret at the well. In 1836, he painted two pictures of Goethe's character Mignon.
Temptation of Christ, 1854

He now turned to religious subjects: Christus Consolator (1836) was followed by Christus Remunerator, The shepherds led by the star (1837), The Magi laying down their crowns, Christ in the Garden of Olives, Christ bearing his Cross, Christ interred (1845), and St Augustine and Monica (1846).

One of the reduced versions of his Christus Consolator(the major work today to be found in the Van Gogh-museum, Amsterdam), lost for 70 years, was rediscovered in a janitor's closet in Gethsemane Lutheran Church in Dassel, Minnesota in 2007. It has been restored and is on display at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts.
Portrait of Katarzyna Potocka, 1850 (National Museum, Warsaw)

Scheffer was also an accomplished portrait painter, finishing 500 portraits in total. His subjects included composers Frédéric Chopin and Franz Liszt, the Marquis de la Fayette, Pierre-Jean de Béranger, Alphonse de Lamartine, Charles Dickens, Duchess de Broglie,[6] Talleyrand[6] and Queen Marie Amélie.

After 1846, he ceased to exhibit. His strong ties with the royal family caused him to fall out of favour when, in 1848, the Second Republic came into being. Shut up in his studio, he produced many paintings that were only exhibited after his death in 1858.

The works first exhibited posthumously include Sorrows of the earth, and the Angel announcing the Resurrection, which he had left unfinished. By the time of his death, his reputation was damaged: though his paintings were praised for their charm and facility, they were condemned for poor use of color and vapid sentiment.


See also

Musée de la Vie Romantique, Hôtel Scheffer-Renan, Paris

Notes

Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Scheffer, Ary". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.
Scheffer, Arij (1795–1858) in the Biographical Dictionary of the Netherlands: 1880-2000 (in Dutch)
Scheffer, Cornelia (1830–1899) in the Biographical Dictionary of the Netherlands: 1880–2000 (in Dutch)
"A. Scheffer (1795 - 1858)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
Murray, P. & L. (1996), Dictionary of art and artists. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-051300-0.

"Scheffer, Ary". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.

References

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Scheffer, Ary". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

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