In algebraic geometry, a morphism of schemes
f: X → Y
is called radicial or universally injective, if, for every field K the induced map X(K) → Y(K) is injective. (EGA I, (3.5.4)) This is a generalization of the notion of a purely inseparable extension of fields (sometimes called a radicial extension, which should not be confused with a radical extension.)
It suffices to check this for K algebraically closed.
This is equivalent to the following condition: f is injective on the topological spaces and for every point x in X, the extension of the residue fields
k(f(x)) ⊂ k(x)
is radicial, i.e. purely inseparable.
It is also equivalent to every base change of f being injective on the underlying topological spaces. (Thus the term universally injective.)
Radicial morphisms are stable under composition, products and base change. If gf is radicial, so is f.
References
Grothendieck, Alexandre; Dieudonné, Jean (1960), "Éléments de géométrie algébrique (rédigés avec la collaboration de Jean Dieudonné) : I. Le langage des schémas", Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS, 4 (1): 5–228, doi:10.1007/BF02684778, ISSN 1618-1913, section I.3.5.
Bourbaki, Nicolas (1988), Algebra, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-19373-9, see section V.5.
Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics
Graduate Studies in Mathematics
Hellenica World - Scientific Library
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