William B. T. Trego

The Rebel Deflection

Hancock's Corps Assaulting the Works at the Bloody Angle

Civil War Battle Scene

William Brooke Thomas Trego (1858–1909) was an American painter best known for his historical military subjects, in particular scenes of the American Revolution and Civil War.[1]

Biography

William B. T. Trego was born in Yardley, Bucks County, Pennsylvania in 1858, the son of the artist Jonathan Kirkbridge Trego. At the age of two William's hands and feet became nearly paralyzed, either from polio, or from a doctor administering a dose of calomel (mercurous chloride). Trego's family moved to Detroit in 1874 where William was enrolled in the local school, but an incident where 16-year-old William burned off all his hair with a gas jet made his father decide to teach William in his studio from then on. Despite his crippled hands, young William showed an aptitude for art, learning to paint with a brush jammed in his right hand while he guided it with his left.[2] William Trego first received public attention when he exhibited a painting titled The Charge of Custer at Winchester in 1879 at the Michigan State Fair. His depiction of George Armstrong Custer's charge at the Third Battle of Winchester was described by the Cleveland Press as "one of the best historical paintings of the kind that has ever been produced by an American artist."[3]

Pennsylvania Academy years
Battery of Light Artillery en Route (1882)

Later that year, Trego used the proceeds from the sale of The Charge of Custer at Winchester to enroll himself at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[4] He studied at PAFA for three years under Thomas Eakins, in courses that included instruction on aspects of the human figure, including anatomical study of the human and animal body and surgical dissection. Trego did not appreciate Eakins' rigorous, terse teaching style, and would later remark:

"Fortunately for myself I was drilled in the principles of drawing in my father's studio before I went to the Academy, so that I was able to some extent to brave the sarcasm and neglect of Eakins"[5]

The March to Valley Forge (1883), Museum of the American Revolution

In an 1882 Academy exhibition, Trego won the first Toppan Prize for his work, Battery of Light Artillery en Route, and the painting was subsequently purchased for the Academy by Fairman Rogers. In 1883, Trego received what he thought was a snub from the Academy when the art jury for the Temple Competition of Historical Paintings, a competition intended to help revive historical painting by limiting entries to depictions of the American War of Independence",[5] decided there were no paintings of sufficient quality to merit a 1st or second place, and awarded Trego 3rd place for his painting of George Washington and his troops called The March to Valley Forge.[6] Trego sued the Academy on the grounds that if his painting was the best overall, it should receive first place (and he should get the $3,000 prize money). In 1886 he lost the case, with the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruling the jury was well within their rights under the contract of the exhibit to award prizes as they saw fit.[7]

North Wales studio
Civil War Battle Scene, (1887) an example of Trego's realistic depiction of battle.

After leaving the Academy, Trego lived in North Wales, Pennsylvania, with his mother and father. Except for trips abroad, Trego would live in North Wales for the rest of his life, working in a studio behind his house. He used the town residents, their horses, and the surrounding landscape as models and backdrops for his paintings. Trego was becoming well known for the accuracy of his military depictions as well as the honest, sometimes brutal realism, especially in his Civil War subjects[8] The Civil War works were well received and Trego had much success selling paintings during that time.

Paris studies
The Color Guard, French dragoons, 1888.

In 1887, he went to Paris to study at the Académie Julian under the French academic painters Tony Robert-Fleury and William-Adolphe Bouguereau. Trego studied at the French museums while he was there and enjoyed the Paris night life with other Pennsylvania Academy alumni such as Robert Henri, Augustus B. Koopman, Henry McCarter, and Frederick J. Waugh.[9] Trego also participated in the Paris Salons of 1889 and 1890, gaining some recognition for his 1889 submission, a military painting titled The End of the Charge of von Bredow’s Brigade at Rezonville depicting German cavalry units charge against French during the Franco-Prussian War. One French writer thought this work put Trego on par with the famous French academic military artist, Édouard Detaille.[10] On his ocean voyage home from Paris in 1890, Trego returned to America not only with new found knowledge of French academic painting, he also returned with a French fiancée. But in a sad and very public event on board ship, the "handsome French girl" (as reported in the newspapers of the time)[11] switched her affections to fellow Académie Julian student[12] James R. Fisher.[13] When they arrived in Philadelphia the news papers reported the two artists as parting "bitter enemies".

Later years

After his return to the States, Trego's work received much acclaim from critics. In 1891, noted American art collector Thomas Benedict Clarke wrote of Trego:

"In the accomplishment of his work, which is marked by strength, firmness, and force, he has had to overcome physical infirmities that would have made a less brave and earnest character halt at the threshold."[14]

Despite these accolades and the prestige of exhibiting in the Paris Salon, Trego found it hard to sell paintings due to the declining in popularity of realistic military artwork. He painted portraits and genre paintings to make money and took on work doing book and magazine illustration. He also tried unsuccessfully to become an instructor at The Pennsylvanian Academy of the Fine Arts. He lived with, and was supported by, his parents during the 1890s. Trego's father died in 1901 and his stepmother died six years later. Trego's increasing financial problems during this time made him take on students including Walter Emerson Baum and his wife, Flora. Trego tried to revive his career by basing a painting on the popular novel Ben Hur with one of his last works, The Chariot Race from Ben Hur (1908). He sent it to the 1909 National Academy of Design exhibition in New York but it failed to spark any interest.[15] William Trego was found unconscious in his studio on June 24, 1909 and was dead by the time the doctor arrived. His obituary in The New York Times reported that he died of "overexertion" due to "excessive heat".[16] His death has been characterized as a suicide by gunshot[2] or poison.[17] The contents of his North Wales studio were left to Walter Emerson Baum.

Legacy

During his lifetime, Trego had painted over 200 historical and military paintings. These would become so widely published after his death that writer Edwin Augustus Peeples commented:

"There is probably not an American History book which doesn't have (a) Trego picture in it".[18]

In 1976, Trego's The March to Valley Forge had become such an iconic image of that event that it was reproduced as a souvenir postage sheet issued by the United States Postal Service as part of the observance of the United States Bicentennial. It is currently on loan from the Museum of the American Revolution to Valley Forge National Historical Park.

A book was published about Trego's life, So Bravely and So Well: The Life and Art of William T. Trego, by Joseph P. Eckhardt, in 2011.

Collections

Trego's work is represented in many permanent collections including:[19][20]

Illustration for the Century - Smithsonian Institution, Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum
Horse Artillery Going into Battery, Petersburg, Va. and A Mortar Battery Firing - United States Department of the Army, United States Military Academy, West Point Museum
Battery of Light Artillery En Route - Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
The March to Valley Forge (1883) - The American Revolution Center
The Chariot Race (1908) and Civil War Battle Scene (1887) - James A. Michener Art Museum
Hancock's Corps Assaulting the Works at the "Bloody Angle" (1887) - Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum
Jonathan K. Trego (1817–1901) and The Rescue of the Colors - Bucks County Historical Society

Exhibitions and awards

Michigan State Fair, 1879 - The Charge of Custer at Winchester
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1882 - Toppan Prize,
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1883 - Temple Silver Medal, The March to Valley Forge
Paris Salon, 1889
Paris Salon, 1890
World's Columbian Exposition, 1893
Cotton States and International Exposition, Atlanta, Georgia
American Art Society, Silver Medal, 1902
National Academy of Design exhibition, New York, 1909 - The Chariot Race from Ben Hur
James A. Michener Art Museum exhibition, Doylestown, PA, 2011 - Various works

Gallery
Cavalry Saber Duel (1887)
Rescue Of The Colors, (1898)
See also

Artists of stamps of the United States References

James A. Michener Art Museum: Bucks County Artists - William B. T. Trego
Battery B, 4th U.S. Light Artillery William B.T. Trego
A historical account of the Trego family. Press of I. Freidenwald. 1884. p. 71.
Gratz Gallery bio - William Trego
http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/8aa/8aa147.htm "The Artist as Interpreter of American History" by Mark Thistlethwaite excerpted from the exhibition catalogue "In This Academy: The Pennsylvanian Academy of the Fine Arts 1805 - 1976"
note: This painting has many titles including "The March to Valley Forge", "Washington Reviewing His Troops At Valley Forge" and "Washington reviewing his Ragged Army at Valley Forge"
Patronage Gone Awry: The 1883 Temple Competition of Historical Paintings, by Mark Thistlethwaite, 1988, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, by David Stephen Heidler, Jeanne T. Heidler, David J. Coles, page 117 Google books
The William B.T. Trego Centenary Project - Documents and Images
WILLIAM BROOKE THOMAS TREGO (1858-1909), The End of the Charge - williamttrego.org
The Washington Post transcript "RIVAL ARTISTS IN LOVE - The Parisian Romance in Which Two Young Philadelphians Figured", Aug 4, 1890
Bennard B. Perlman (1991). Robert Henri. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 10–13. ISBN 0-486-26722-9.
James R. Fisher was also a Pennsylvania Academy alumni and namesake of the Fisher Brooks Gallery in the The Samuel M.V. Hamilton Building at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
Thomas Benedict Clarke, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (1891). Catalogue of the Thomas B. Clarke collection of American pictures. Times printing house.
WILLIAM BROOKE THOMAS TREGO (1858-1909), The Chariot Race from Ben Hur williamttrego.org
The New York Times, Obituary William T. Trego, June 26, 1909, Saturday
"A Brief Biography of William T. Trego (1858-1909)" by Joseph P. Eckhardt
michenermuseum.org - William B. T. Trego
Smithsonian Institution Research Information System - Trego, William Brooke Thomas, 1859-1909, painter

The American Revolution Center - Collection Timeline