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Theodore Robinson

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Evening at the Lock. Napanoch New York Print by Theodore Robinson

Evening at the Lock. Napanoch New York

Cart. Nantucket Print by Theodore Robinson

Cart. Nantucket

Two in a Boat Print by Theodore Robinson

Two in a Boat

The Bridge at Giverny Print by Theodore Robinson

The Bridge at Giverny

Mediterranean View Print by Theodore Robinson

Mediterranean View

Giverny Print by Theodore Robinson

Giverny

Valley of the Seine Giverny Print by Theodore Robinson

Valley of the Seine Giverny

In the Sun Print by Theodore Robinson

In the Sun

Girl seated Writing Print by Theodore Robinson

Girl seated Writing

Sunlight and Shadows Print by Theodore Robinson

Sunlight and Shadows

Street in Barbizon Print by Theodore Robinson

Street in Barbizon

Low Tide. Riverside Yacht Club Print by Theodore Robinson

Low Tide. Riverside Yacht Club

Willows Print by Theodore Robinson

Willows

Moyen Age Print by Theodore Robinson

Moyen Age

Nantucket Pump Print by Theodore Robinson

Nantucket Pump

House in Virginia. Castle Hill Print by Theodore Robinson

House in Virginia. Castle Hill

Correspondence Print by Theodore Robinson

Correspondence

Barnyard with Ducks Print by Theodore Robinson

Barnyard with Ducks

 A Bird's-Eye View Print by Theodore Robinson

A Bird's-Eye View

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

Woman with White Cap

Theodore Robinson

World's Columbian Exposition

Theodore Robinson

A King's Daughter (also known as Girl with Lilies)

Theodore Robinson

A Sweet Girl Graduate

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

At the Fountain

Theodore Robinson

At the Fountain

Theodore Robinson

Apple Blossoms

Theodore Robinson

At the Piano

Theodore Robinson

Autumn Sunlight

Theodore Robinson

Blossoms at Giverny

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

Boats at a Landing

Theodore Robinson

Bouquet of Flowers: Chrysanthemums in a China Vase

Theodore Robinson

Bridge near Giverny

Theodore Robinson

Capri

Theodore Robinson

By the Brook

Theodore Robinson

Church in Snow

Theodore Robinson

Coal Schooner Unloading

Theodore Robinson

Evening at the Lock

Theodore Robinson

Evening on the Canal

Theodore Robinson

Farm Among Hills

Theodore Robinson

Fifth Avenue at Madison Square

Theodore Robinson

Figure in a Landscape

Theodore Robinson

French Farmhouse

Theodore Robinson

Garden Bench with Ferns

Theodore Robinson

French Village

Theodore Robinson

Gathering Plums

Theodore Robinson

Girl at Piano

Theodore Robinson

Girl in Red at the Piano

Theodore Robinson

Girl in Red, Sewing

Theodore Robinson

Girl with Goat

Theodore Robinson

Girl with Puppies

Theodore Robinson

Giverny

Theodore Robinson

Giverny

Theodore Robinson

Grain Field, N. J.

Theodore Robinson

Harbor Scene

Theodore Robinson

Gossips

Theodore Robinson

Giverny

Theodore Robinson

Hillside in Giverny, France

Theodore Robinson

House with Scaffolding

Theodore Robinson

Houses in France

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

In a Daisy Field

Theodore Robinson

In the Garden

Theodore Robinson

In the Grove

Theodore Robinson

In the Orchard

Theodore Robinson

Italian Landscape with a Fountain

Theodore Robinson

La Debacle (also known as Marie at the Little Bridge)

Theodore Robinson

La Roche-Guyon

Theodore Robinson

Lady in Red

Theodore Robinson

Landscape

Theodore Robinson

Man with Sythe

Theodore Robinson

Mediterranean View

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

Miss Motes and Her Dog Shep

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

Moonrise

Theodore Robinson

Mother and Child

Theodore Robinson

Nantucket

Theodore Robinson

Nantucket Girl

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

Nettie Reading

Theodore Robinson

On the Canal

Theodore Robinson

On the Canal (of Port Ben Series)

Theodore Robinson

On the Cliff: A Girl Sewing

Theodore Robinson

On the Housatonic River, Connecticut

Theodore Robinson

Oxen

Theodore Robinson

Park Scene

Theodore Robinson

Path in Frascati

Theodore Robinson

Place St. Sulpice, Paris (unfinished)

Theodore Robinson

Port Ben, Delaware and Hudson Canal

Theodore Robinson

Potato Harvest

Theodore Robinson

Saint Martin's Summer, Giverny

Theodore Robinson

Spinning

Theodore Robinson

Springtime

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

The Forge (also known as An Apprentice Blacksmith)

Theodore Robinson

The Bridge at Giverny

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

The Ferry

Theodore Robinson

Yellow Apples

Theodore Robinson

The Layette

Theodore Robinson

The Layette

Theodore Robinson

The Red Gown (also known as His Favorite Model)

Theodore Robinson

The Old Mills of Brookville (also known as Vieux Moulin)

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

The Red House

Theodore Robinson

The Ship Yard

Theodore Robinson

The Young Violinist (also known as Margaret Perry)

Theodore Robinson

The Watering Pots

Theodore Robinson

The Wedding March

Theodore Robinson

Two Boats

Theodore Robinson

Valley of the Seine

Theodore Robinson

Val d'Arconville

Theodore Robinson

Valley of the Seine, Giverny

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

Scene at Giverny (also known as Normandy Farm or Farm House and Rick)

Theodore Robinson

Afternoon Shadows

Theodore Robinson

Angelus

Theodore Robinson

Barbizon

Theodore Robinson

Beacon Street, Boston

Theodore Robinson

Boy in a Boat Fishing

Theodore Robinson

Water Lilies

Theodore Robinson

Creek at Low Tide

Theodore Robinson

Farmhouse at Grez

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

Girl Raking Hay

Theodore Robinson

Giverny

Theodore Robinson

In the Garden

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

Low Tide

Theodore Robinson

Moonlight, Giverny

Theodore Robinson

Watering Pots

Theodore Robinson

Moonlight, Giverny - Study

Theodore Robinson

Normandy Farm, A Characteristic Bit, Giverny

Theodore Robinson

On the Tow-Path - A Halt

Theodore Robinson

Pere Trognon and His Daughter at the Bridge

Theodore Robinson

Road by the Mill

Theodore Robinson

Stepping Stones

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

The Miller's Daughter

Theodore Robinson

The Watering Place

Theodore Robinson

Two in a Boat

Theodore Robinson

Willows (also known as Enn Picardie)

Theodore Robinson

Virginia Woods

Theodore Robinson

Willows

Theodore Robinson

Willows and Wildflowers

Theodore Robinson

Winter in New York City

Theodore Robinson

Winter Landscape

Theodore Robinson

Theodore Robinson

Figure in a Landscape

Theodore Robinson

Farmhouse at Grez

Theodore Robinson

Coal Schooner Unloading

Theodore Robinson

Capri

Theodore Robinson

Bridge near Giverny

Theodore Robinson

Autumn Sunlight

Theodore Robinson

Beacon Street Boston

Theodore Robinson

At the Fountain

Theodore Robinson

At the Fountain

Theodore Robinson

Afternoon Shadows

Theodore Robinson

House with Scaffolding

Theodore Robinson

Gossips

Theodore Robinson

Girl with Goat

Theodore Robinson

Girl with Puppies

Theodore Robinson

Girl at Piano

Theodore Robinson

Girl in red sewing

Theodore Robinson

From the Hill Giverny

Theodore Robinson

French Farmhouse

Theodore Robinson

Barbizon

Theodore Robinson

On the cliff a girl sewing

Theodore Robinson (June 3, 1852 – April 2, 1896) was an American painter best known for his Impressionist landscapes. He was one of the first American artists to take up Impressionism in the late 1880s, visiting Giverny and developing a close friendship with Claude Monet. Several of his works are considered masterpieces of American Impressionism.


Training and early career
Robinson in 1882

Robinson was born in Irasburg, Vermont. His family moved to Evansville, Wisconsin, and Robinson briefly studied art in Chicago. In 1874 he journeyed to New York City to attended classes at the National Academy of Design and the Art Students League.[1]

In 1876 he traveled to Paris to study under Carolus-Duran and at the École des Beaux-Arts, with Jean-Léon Gérôme.[1] He first exhibited his paintings at the 1877 Salon in Paris,[1] and spent the summer of that year at Grez-sur-Loing.

After trips to Venice and Bologna, he returned to the United States in 1879 for several years. During this time Robinson painted in a realist manner, loosely brushed but not yet impressionistic, often depicting people engaged in quiet domestic or agrarian pursuits.


Giverny
La Vachère (ca. 1888) Smithsonian American Art Museum

In 1884 Robinson returned to France where he lived for the next eight years, visiting America only occasionally. Robinson gravitated to Giverny, which had become a center of French impressionist art under the influence of Claude Monet.

Historians are unclear when Robinson met Monet, but by 1888 their friendship was enough for Robinson to move in next door to the famous impressionist. Robinson's art shifted to a more traditional impressionistic manner during this time, likely due to Monet's influence. While a number of American artists had gathered at Giverny, none were as close to Monet as Robinson. Monet offered advice to Robinson, and he likewise solicited Robinson for opinions on Monet's own works in progress.

Not only did he take to heart Monet´s theoretical admonitions and his requirement to portray the beauties and mystery of nature in a manner stringently truthful to one's personal vision, but he also studied works that were available to him in "The Master´s" studio. For instance, Capri, painted in 1890, was probably inspired by Monet´s paintings of the cliffs at Varengeville, Pourville, and Etretat and the rocks at Bell-Ile of the early 1880s.

At Giverny, Robinson painted what art historians regard as some of his finest works. These depicted the surrounding countryside in different weather, in the plein air tradition, sometimes with women shown in leisurely poses. An example of his mature work during this period is La Débâcle (1892) in the collection of Scripps College, Claremont California.


Return to America
La Débâcle 1892

Robinson left France and Monet for the final time in 1892, although he meant to return. Back in America, Robinson obtained a teaching post with the Brooklyn Art School and conducted summer classes in Napanoch, New York, near the Catskill Mountains, where he painted several canal scenes. He also taught at Evelyn College in Princeton, New Jersey, and later at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia.[2]

With New York City as his base, Robinson circulated among a growing number of American artists pursuing Impressionism. He was particularly close to John Henry Twachtman and Julian Alden Weir, and spent time at the nearby Cos Cob Art Colony in Connecticut. There he painted a series of boat scenes at the Riverside Yacht Club which have come to be regarded as among his finest works.

While his reputation as an important American Impressionist was growing, Robinson still needed to teach to support himself. He also harbored doubts about the quality of his work.

Throughout his career, Theodore Robinson kept meticulous diaries, but only the last several years of the diaries are known to exist. These are in the collection of the Frick Art Reference Library in New York and available to scholars. The art historian Sona Johnson, of the Baltimore Museum of Art, plans to publish an annotated edition of the Robinson diaries.


Final years
Nantucket, 1882

In the last year of his life he was asked to contribute to the book of essays titled "Modern French Masters" by the editor and art historian John Charles Van Dyke. He wrote an essay on the Barbizon painter Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot and, because of his friendship with the French Impressionist, he wrote and illustrated the essay on Claude Monet. The book was published in 1896 and his illustration of Monet was featured in the exhibition "In Monet's Light."

In 1895, Robinson enjoyed a productive period in Vermont, and in February 1896 he wrote to Monet about returning to Giverny, but in April he died of an acute asthma attack in New York City. He was buried in his hometown of Evansville, Wisconsin. He was 43 years old.[3]

Today Robinson's paintings are in the collections of many major museums including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City; the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; and the Art Institute of Chicago.

Notes

Roberts, Norma J., ed. (1988), The American Collections, Columbus Museum of Art, p. 38, ISBN 0-8109-1811-0.
"American Impressionism: Theodore Robinson - NGA". nga.gov.

Glueck, Grace (August 5, 2006), An American Trying to Capture Monet's Magic, The New York Times, retrieved September 2, 2006, a review of the exhibition In Monet's Light: Theodore Robinson at Giverny.

Further reading

Gerdts, William H. (2001). American Impressionism, Second Edition. New York: Abbeville Press Publishers. ISBN 0-7892-0737-0.
Larkin, Susan G. (2001). The Cos Cob Art Colony. New York: the National Academy of Design. ISBN 0-300-08852-3.
Johnson, Sona. (2004). In Monet's Light: Theodore Robinson at Giverny. New York: Phillip Wilson Publishers. ISBN 0-85667-566-0.
John C. Van Dyke, ed. (1896). Modern French Masters. London: T. Fisher Unwin.
Jeffrey Morseburg. (2004). "Theodore Robinson". New York: Fine Art Connoisseur.

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