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Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Paintings

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The nursery

Illustrations

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Action near Choczim

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Allegory of the cremation Ruppin's

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Allegory of the homage of King Friedrich Wilhelm II

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Arrival of the French in Germany

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Eye of Providence

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Marched out of the Prussian Army

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Marched out of the Turkish Army

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Farmboy

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Belgian emigration

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Berlin, Brandenburg Gate

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

beggar boy

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

beggar boy

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Library sign of the artist

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Reading old farmer

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Singing old woman

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Family Group Sheet of the artist

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Caricatures I and II

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Caesar's train across the Pyrenees

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Clery's Children

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Convention of Kloster Seewen

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The Brandenburg gate in Berlin

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The brain of an artist

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The mask law

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The bankerottirende cobbler

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The Bankerottirer

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Peace brings back the king

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The big Calas

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The big l'Hombre table

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The small l'Hombre table

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frederick William II, on horseback

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The Artist's trip to Dresden

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

First military punishment

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Second military punishment

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Slumbering innocence

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The two seated ladies

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The two seated ladies

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The two ladies standing

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The caravan and sleeping woman

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The three Turks

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The establishment of the Lord's Supper

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The Flight into Egypt

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The cruelty

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The repatriation of the bride

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The nursery of the artist

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The Royal Prussian family

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The New Year's wish seller

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The economic trophy of the Baron of Labes

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The portraits of Graff and Becker

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The Rest on the Flight

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The Russian prisoners

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The marriage of Princess Frederica of Prussia

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The distribution of the gifts of fortune

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The four ladies at the window

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The works of darkness

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The tents in the Berlin animal garden

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

The dwarf Group

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Three Bashkirs on horseback

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Three ladies at the window

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Three Polish figures

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

A skirmish

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

A society

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

A standing lady

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Angel

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Woman with two children

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frederick the Great on horseback

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to 'Buffon's Natural History "

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to "Joseph. First Part "

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to 'comic stories in verse "

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to Basedow's "Hymns"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to the "Christmas gift for kids"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to the Medici niches Annals

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to the Psalms

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to Ewald's "fantasies on a trip"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to Gräter Use »Bragur"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to Nicolai's "Almanac"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to Hoffmann's "Flora germanica"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to Krasicki's "The old man has often rejuvenated"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to Campe "Robinson"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to Basedow's "Hymns"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to Basedow's "Practischer philosophy"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki Frontispiece to Blumenbach's "Natural History"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to Lady Montague's "Letters"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to Lafontaine's "Klara du Plessis"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to Winkopp's "Prior Hartungus"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to Rousseau's "Heloise"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to Scarron's comic novel

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to von Hippel's "On Marriage"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to Becker's "Beatrice Cenci"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Frontispiece to the Paperback for 1800

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

General of Ziethenstraße on the board of Frederick II

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

General of Ziethenstraße and Frederick II

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

General of Ziethenstraße and Frederick II

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Drive home a good Swiss soul

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Duke Leopold of Brunswick

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Hussars and monks

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Illustration to "Buffon's Natural History"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Illustration to "The disciples of Emmaus"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Illustration to "The disciples of Emmaus"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Illustration to "Huon de Bordeaux"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Illustration to "Huon de Bordeaux"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Illustration to Klein's "life and portraits of the great Germans"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Illustration to Klein's "life and portraits of the great Germans"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Illustration to Klein's "life and portraits of the great Germans"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Illustration to Klein's "life and portraits of the great Germans"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Illustration to Klein's "life and portraits of the great Germans"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Illustration to Klein's "life and portraits of the great Germans"

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Illustration to Klein's "life and portraits of the great Germans"

Illustrations, Part 2

Daniel Niklaus Chodowiecki (16 October 1726 – 7 February 1801) was a Polish—and later German—painter and printmaker with Huguenot ancestry, who is most famous as an etcher. He spent most of his life in Berlin, and became the director of the Berlin Academy of Art.

Family

He was born in the city of Danzig (Gdańsk) in Poland, and in a letter “in typical Berlin humor”[ wrote, “that he moved to Berlin, Germany, which shows for sure, that he is a 'genuine Pole'.” He kept close to the Huguenot scene, due to his ancestry.

His grandfather Bartholomāus Chodowiecki had lived in the 16th century in Greater Poland. Gottfried Chodowiecki, Daniel's father, was a tradesman in Danzig and his mother, Henriette Ayrer born in Switzerland, was a Huguenot. Daniel's grandfather Christian had been a tradesman in the city as well. When his father died, both Daniel (aged 16) and his younger brother Gottfried Chodowiecki went to live with their uncle in Berlin, who offered to educate them, and where Daniel received an artistic training with the painter Haid in Augsburg. His brother also became a painter.

He had three daughters, Jeannette (b. 1761, married the French-reformed preacher Jacques Papin), Suzanne (1763–1819) and Henriette (1770–1880). Jeannette's daughter Marianne Chodowiecka Papin (married Gretschel, 1794–1870) and her son Heinrich Papin (1786–1839) also became artists.[1]
Art
Minuet in the park, 1760s (National Museum in Warsaw)
Cartoon etching by Chodowiecki, 1781, on the Partition of Poland

Soon Daniel was able to earn a living by painting. He was admitted to the Berlin Academy in 1764 and became vice-director under Bernhard Rode in 1788. He had found his true calling and became the most famous German graphic artist of his time. His works includes several thousand etchings, usually rather small, and many drawings and paintings. His book illustrations embrace almost all the great classics. His prints represent in great detail the life of the bourgeoisie during the Zopfstil period, a time between Rococo and Classicism. In 1797 Chodowiecki was appointed director of the Academy of Arts in Berlin, where he died on 7 February 1801. The bulk of his work was in illustrating scientific books by Basedow, Buffon, Lavater, Pestalozzi and others. He also painted many portraits of Polish gentry and was interested in Huguenot and Polish history as well, making some paintings on the topic. He was in tune with the developing spirit of the age, and many works reflect the cult of sensibility, and then the revolutionary and German nationalist feelings of the end of the century.

In printmaking, he is credited with the invention of the deliberate remarque, a small sketch on a plate, lying outside the main image. These were originally little sketches or doodles by artists, not really meant to be seen, but Chodowiecki turned them into "bonus items" for collectors.

Chodowiecki, though speaking only French and German[2] (due to his offices in the Huguenot French community in Berlin he often spoke French), many times also declared his Polish allegiance and had his son Isaac Heinrich, born in Berlin, painted as a very young child with a Polish outfit and haircut. After Partitions of Poland Chodowiecki wrote to Gräfin Solms-Laubach: "From father's side I'm Polish, a descendant of a brave nation which will soon vanish".[3] In a letter to Józef Łęcki, the Polish astronomer, he wrote: "I consider it an honour to be a genuine Pole, even though I am now living in Germany".[3] Because of his mother's and his wife's Huguenot descent he was very close to the Huguenots of Berlin. Nearly all his life and career was spent in Germany, writing in German and living in Berlin from the age of almost 17.
Chodowiecki depicted on a 1 million papiermark note (1923)
Chodowiecki depicted on a 1 million papiermark note (1923)

One of his most popular books is "Journey from Berlin to Danzig" (German: "Die Reise von Berlin nach Danzig", 1773) with many illustrations. He purchased a horse rather than going by stage coach. This was his first return after 30 years absence and he went specifically to see his elderly mother and sisters in Danzig again. He made only one more trip to Danzig afterwards, to his mother's funeral. He describes and illustrates towns and people in Pomerania and Prussia on the way.

Chodowiecki is buried at the Französischer Friedhof cemetery in Berlin.


References

"Jeannette Papin (German, 1761 – 1835) – The Athenaeum". www.the-athenaeum.org. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
Hartmut Boockmann, Ostpreussen und Westpreussen, Siedler 2002, ISBN 3-88680-212-4

Charlotte Steinbrücker: Listy D. Chodowieckiego. Berlin, 1921.

Wolfgang Plat, Die Reise nach Danzig, Mit Daniel Chodowiecki durch Pommern

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